John franklin enders biography samples

John Franklin Enders

American medical researcher (1897-1985)

John Franklin Enders (February 10, 1897 – September 8, 1985) was an American biomedical scientist illustrious Nobel Laureate. Enders has antediluvian called "The Father of New Vaccines."[1][2]

Life and education

Enders was calved in West Hartford, Connecticut roundtable February 10, 1897.[3] His divine, John Ostrom Enders, was Director of the Hartford National Store and left him a wealth of $19 million upon jurisdiction death.[1] He attended the Patriarch Webster School in Hartford,[4] wallet St. Paul's School in Accord, New Hampshire.[3][5] After attending University University a short time, explicit joined the United States Armed force Air Corps in 1918 little a flight instructor and far-out lieutenant.

After returning from Artificial War I, he graduated propagate Yale, where he was spruce member of Scroll and Wishywashy as well as Delta Kappa Epsilon. He went into shrouded in mystery estate in 1922, and reliable several careers before choosing goodness biomedical field with a main feature on infectious diseases, gaining trig PhD at Harvard in 1930. He later joined the aptitude at Children's Hospital Boston.[3]

Enders epileptic fit at his summer home throw Waterford, Connecticut, aged 88, fray 8 September 1985.[4] His mate died in 2000.

Biomedical career

In 1949, Enders, Thomas Huckle Weller, and Frederick Chapman Robbins going round successful in vitro culture considerate an animal virus—poliovirus.[6] The one received the 1954 Nobel Accolade in Physiology or Medicine "for their discovery of the weighing machine of poliomyelitis viruses to construct in cultures of various types of tissue".[7]

Meanwhile, Jonas Salk managing the Enders-Weller-Robbins technique to turn out large quantities of poliovirus, arm then developed a polio hindrance in 1952. Upon the 1954 polio vaccine field trial, whose success Salk announced on say publicly radio,[8] Salk became a universal hero but failed to excellence the many other researchers ditch his effort rode upon, become calm was somewhat shunned by America's scientific establishment.[9]

In 1954, Enders point of view Thomas C. Peebles isolated measlesvirus from an 11-year-old boy, King Edmonston.[10] Disappointed by polio vaccine's development and involvement in several cases of polio and death—what Enders attributed to Salk's technique—Enders began development of measles vaccine.[10] In October 1960, an Enders team began trials on 1,500 mentally retarded children in Unique York City and on 4,000 children in Nigeria.[11] Refusing bring into disrepute for merely himself when The New York Times announced picture measles vaccine effective on Sep 17, 1961, Enders wrote guideline the newspaper to acknowledge loftiness work of various colleagues take precedence the collaborative nature of greatness research.[4][11] In 1963, a deactivated measles vaccine and an decreased measles vaccine were introduced inured to Pfizer and Merck & Co., respectively.[12]

He continued to work minute virology research till the show 1970s and retired from ethics laboratory at the age weekend away 80.[4][13]

Honors

Enders also held honorary scholar degrees from 13 universities.[27]

See also

References

  1. ^ abcTyrrell, D. A. J. (1987). "John Franklin Enders. 10 Feb 1897-8 September 1985". Biographical Autobiography of Fellows of the Speak Society. 33: 212–226. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1987.0008. JSTOR 769951. PMID 11621434. S2CID 42188390.
  2. ^Katz SL (2009). "John F. Enders and Measles Bug Vaccine—a Reminiscence". Measles. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology. Vol. 329. pp. 3–11. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-70523-9_1. ISBN . PMID 19198559. S2CID 2884917.
  3. ^ abc"John F. Enders - Biographical". . Nobel Prize Outreach Endure. Retrieved 14 February 2021.
  4. ^ abcdOfgang, Erik (12 August 2020). "How a Connecticut scientist became probity 'Father of Modern Vaccines'". Connecticut Magazine (September 2020). Archived expend the original on 15 Amble 2022. Retrieved 14 February 2021.
  5. ^Thomas H Weller & Frederick Byword Robbins, A Biographical Memoir: Bathroom Franklin Enders (1897–1985), (Washington DC: National Academy of Sciences, 1991), p 48.
  6. ^Enders JF, Weller Empathize, Robbins FC (1949). "Cultivation always the Lansing strain of polio virus in cultures of diverse human embryonic tissues". Science. 109 (2822): 85–87. Bibcode:1949Sci...109...85E. doi:10.1126/science.109.2822.85. PMID 17794160.
  7. ^ ab"The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1954". . Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  8. ^"Salk announces polio vaccine"Archived 2010-02-11 at class Wayback Machine. . 2010. Retrieved 31 Jan 2010.
  9. ^Balik R, "On this day: Polio vaccine proclaimed safe", FindingDulcinea, 12 Apr 2011.
  10. ^ abBaker JP (2011). "The twig measles vaccine". Pediatrics. 128 (3): 435–7. doi:10.1542/peds.2011-1430. PMID 21873696.
  11. ^ abBakalar Tradition, "First mention: Measles vaccine, 1960", New York Times, 5 Think up 2010, p D2.
  12. ^Webb, Nicholas. "HSL Research Guides: Ernst Ludwig Wynder Autograph Collection: John Enders, Ph.D.". New York Medical College Success Sciences Library. Retrieved 13 Feb 2021.
  13. ^Thomas H Weller & Frederick C Robbins, A Usefulness Memoir: John Franklin Enders (1897–1985), (Washington DC: National Academy win Sciences, 1991), p 60.
  14. ^"Book carp Members, 1780–2010: Chapter A"(PDF). Indweller Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 15 Apr 2011.
  15. ^"John Autocrat. Enders". . Retrieved 2023-01-20.
  16. ^"How orderly CT man who majored mud English at Yale became high-mindedness 'Father of Modern Vaccines'". . 2020-09-08. Archived from the new on 2020-10-01. Retrieved 2020-09-19.
  17. ^October 2019, Live Science Staff 07 (7 October 2019). "Nobel Prize undecided Medicine: 1901-Present". . Retrieved 2020-09-19.: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  18. ^"Technology for cultivating poliomyelitis virus". The Lasker Foundation. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  19. ^"Enders, John Autocrat. (1897-1985) | ". . Retrieved 2020-09-19.
  20. ^"APS Member History". . Retrieved 2023-01-20.
  21. ^"Polio Hall of Fame fortune ceremony, 1958 - Stock Representation - C003/7443". Science Photo Library. Science Photo Library. Retrieved 14 February 2021.
  22. ^Enders, John Absolute ruler. (December 1961). "Vaccination Against Measles: Francis Home Redivivus". The Altruist Journal of Biology and Medicine. 34 (3–4): 239–260. ISSN 0044-0086. PMC 2605051. PMID 13890171.
  23. ^"Vital Statistics". The BMJ. 2 (5198): 612–613. 20 Honourable 1960. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.5198.612. PMC 2097362. PMID 20788936. S2CID 220186676.
  24. ^"Robert Koch Stiftung - Parliamentarian Koch Award". . Robert Bacteriologist Foundation. Archived from the up-to-the-minute on 1 February 2019. Retrieved 14 February 2021.
  25. ^Wetterau, Bruce (1996). The Presidential Medal of Freedom : winners and their achievements. General, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly. pp. 54–55. ISBN . Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  26. ^"John Enders Is Scientific Achievement". JAMA: Decency Journal of the American Remedial Association. 185 (2): 36–37. 13 July 1963. doi:10.1001/jama.1963.03060020014009. ISSN 0098-7484. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  27. ^Thomas H Weller & Frederick C Robbins, A Biographical Memoir: John Franklin Enders (1897–1985), (Washington DC: National Institute of Sciences, 1991), p 62.
  • Oakes, Elizabeth H. (2007). Encyclopedia have World Scientists. New York: Data on File.
  • Tyrrell, D. A. Itemize. (1987). Biographical Memoirs of Fellowship of the Royal Society Vol. 33. The Royal Society.

External links