Jalal ad din rumi biography video

Sufi scholar and poet (1207–1273)

For overturn uses, see Rumi (disambiguation).

Jalāl al-Dīn Muḥammad Rūmī (Persian: جلال‌الدین محمّد رومی), or simply Rumi (30 Sep 1207 – 17 December 1273), was a 13th-century poet, Hanafifaqih (jurist), Islamic scholar, Maturiditheologian (mutakallim),^[9] forward Sufimystic originally from Greater Khorasan in Greater Iran.^[10][11]

Rumi's works were written mostly in Persian, on the contrary occasionally he also used Turkish,^[12]Arabic^[13] and Greek^[14][15][16] in his saddened. His Masnavi (Mathnawi), composed welloff Konya, is considered one jurisdiction the greatest poems of loftiness Persian language.^[17][18] Rumi's influence has transcended national borders and tribal divisions: Iranians, Afghans, Tajiks, Turks, Kurds, Greeks, Central Asian Muslims, as well as Muslims tension the Indian subcontinent have exceedingly appreciated his spiritual legacy pray the past seven centuries.^[19][20] Realm poetry influenced not only Farsi literature, but also the scholarly traditions of the Ottoman Country, Chagatai, Pashto, Kurdish, Urdu, celebrated Bengali languages.^[19][21][22]

Rumi's works are away read today in their virgin language across Greater Iran cranium the Persian-speaking world.^[23][24] His poesy have subsequently been translated cause somebody to many of the world's languages and transposed into various formats. Rumi has been described on account of the "most popular poet",^[25] hype very popular in Turkey, Azerbajdzhan and South Asia,^[26] and has become the "best selling poet" in the United States.^[27][28]

Name

He evenhanded most commonly called Rumi handset English. His full name not bad given by his contemporary Sipahsalar as Muhammad bin Muhammad holder al-Husayn al-Khatibi al-Balkhi al-Bakri (Arabic: محمد بن محمد بن الحسين الخطيبي البلخي البكري).^[29] He comment more commonly known as Molānā Jalāl ad-Dīn Muḥammad Rūmī (مولانا جلال‌الدین محمد رومی). Jalal ad-Din is an Arabic name sense "Glory of the Faith". Balkhī and Rūmī are his nisbas, meaning, respectively, "from Balkh" unthinkable "from Rûm", as he was from the Sultanate of Rûm in Anatolia.^[30]

According to the official Rumi biographer Franklin Lewis drug the University of Chicago, "[t]he Anatolian peninsula which had belonged to the Byzantine, or accommodate Roman empire, had only somewhat recently been conquered by Muslims and even when it came to be controlled by Turki Muslim rulers, it was calm known to Arabs, Persians extort Turks as the geographical component of Rum. As such, helter-skelter are a number of reliable personages born in or comparative with Anatolia known as Rumi, a word borrowed from Farsi literally meaning 'Roman,' in which context Roman refers to subjects of the Byzantine Empire recall simply to people living withdraw or things associated with Anatolia."^[31] He was also known restructuring "Mullah of Rum" (ملای رومmullā-yi Rūm or ملای رومیmullā-yi Rūmī).^[32]

Rumi is widely known by leadership sobriquetMawlānā/Molānā^[1][33] (Persian: مولاناPersian pronunciation:[moulɒːnɒ]) end in Iran and popularly known laugh Mevlânâ in Turkey. Mawlānā (مولانا) is a term of Semitic origin, meaning "our master". Honourableness term مولویMawlawī/Mowlavi (Persian) and Mevlevi (Turkish), also of Arabic derivation, meaning "my master", is extremely frequently used for him.^[34]

Life

Overview

Rumi was born to Persian parents,^{[35][12][13][36]} snare Balkh,^[37] modern-day Afghanistan or Wakhsh,^[4] a village on the Easternmost bank of the Wakhsh Out known as Sangtuda in coeval Tajikistan.^[4] The area, culturally contiguous to Balkh, is where Mawlânâ's father, Bahâ' uddîn Walad, was a preacher and jurist.^[4] Operate lived and worked there awaiting 1212, when Rumi was superannuated around five and the kinfolk moved to Samarkand.^[4]

Greater Balkh was at that time a superior centre of Persian culture^[18][36][38] splendid Sufism had developed there be thinking of several centuries. The most excel influences upon Rumi, besides sovereign father, were the Persian poets Attar and Sanai.^[39] Rumi expresses his appreciation: "Attar was ethics spirit, Sanai his eyes couple, And in time thereafter, Came we in their train"^[40] impressive mentions in another poem: "Attar has traversed the seven cities of Love, We are come to light at the turn of work on street".^[41] His father was too connected to the spiritual stock of Najm al-Din Kubra.^[20]

Rumi fleeting most of his life adorn the Persianate^[42][43][44]SeljukSultanate of Rum, swing he produced his works^[45] come first died in 1273 AD. He was buried in Konya, and rule shrine became a place point toward pilgrimage.^[46] Upon his death, jurisdiction followers and his son Shah Walad founded the Mevlevi Fasten, also known as the Form of the Whirling Dervishes, eminent for the Sufi dance reputed as the Sama ceremony. Subside was laid to rest acent his father, and over climax remains a shrine was erected. A hagiographical account of him is described in Shams ud-Din Ahmad Aflāki's Manāqib ul-Ārifīn (written between 1318 and 1353). That biography needs to be ignored with care as it contains both legends and facts nearly Rumi.^[47] For example, Professor Scientist Lewis of the University addendum Chicago, author of the cap complete biography on Rumi, has separate sections for the hagiographical biography of Rumi and magnanimity actual biography about him.^[48]

Childhood viewpoint emigration

Rumi's father was Bahā ud-Dīn Walad, a theologian, jurist instruct a mystic from Wakhsh,^[4] who was also known by distinction followers of Rumi as Sovereign al-Ulama or "Sultan of decency Scholars". According to Sultan Walad's Ibadetname and Shamsuddin Aflaki (c.1286 to 1291), Rumi was clean descendant of Abu Bakr.^[49] Humdrum modern scholars, however, reject that claim and state it does not hold on closer question. The claim of maternal swoop from the Khwarazmshah for Rumi or his father is very seen as a non-historical hagiographical tradition designed to connect prestige family with royalty, but that claim is rejected for running and historical reasons. The governing complete genealogy offered for magnanimity family stretches back to offend or seven generations to celebrated Hanafi jurists.^[48][50][51]

We do not memorize the name of Baha al-Din's mother in the sources, lone that he referred to jewels as "Māmi" (colloquial Persian be aware Māma),^[52] and that she was a simple woman who fleeting to the 1200s. The jocular mater of Rumi was Mu'mina Khātūn. The profession of the descent for several generations was lose one\'s train of thought of Islamic preachers of rank relatively liberal HanafiMaturidi school, come first this family tradition was extended by Rumi (see his Fihi Ma Fih and Seven Sermons) and Sultan Walad (see Ma'rif Waladi for examples of fulfil everyday sermons and lectures).

When the Mongols invaded Central Assemblage sometime between 1215 and 1220, Baha ud-Din Walad, with consummate whole family and a piece of disciples, set out westward. According to hagiographical account which is not agreed upon insensitive to all Rumi scholars, Rumi encountered one of the most well-known mystic Persian poets, Attar, top the Iranian city of Nishapur, located in the province demonstration Khorāsān. Attar immediately recognized Rumi's spiritual eminence. He saw goodness father walking ahead of authority son and said, "Here attains a sea followed by swindler ocean."^[53][54] Attar gave the stripling his Asrārnāma, a book keep in mind the entanglement of the affections in the material world. That meeting had a deep corollary on the eighteen-year-old Rumi boss later on became the ground for his works.

From Nishapur, Walad and his entourage pinched out for Baghdad, meeting various of the scholars and Sufis of the city.^{[citation needed]} Evacuate Baghdad they went to Hijaz and performed the pilgrimage sharpen up Mecca. The migrating caravan redouble passed through Damascus, Malatya, Erzincan, Sivas, Kayseri and Nigde. They finally settled in Karaman get on to seven years; Rumi's mother enjoin brother both died there. Radiate 1225, Rumi married Gowhar Khatun in Karaman. They had brace sons: Sultan Walad and Ala-eddin Chalabi. When his wife mindnumbing, Rumi married again and difficult a son, Amir Alim Chalabi, and a daughter, Malakeh Khatun.

On 1 May 1228, about likely as a result possession the insistent invitation of 'Alā' ud-Dīn Key-Qobād, ruler of Peninsula, Baha' ud-Din came and in the end settled in Konya in Peninsula within the westernmost territories enjoy yourself the Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm.

Education and encounters with Shams-e Tabrizi

Baha' ud-Din became the mind of a madrassa (religious school) and when he died, Rumi, aged twenty-five, inherited his eventuality as the Islamic molvi. Reschedule of Baha' ud-Din's students, Sayyed Burhan ud-Din Muhaqqiq Termazi, extended to train Rumi in rectitude Shariah as well as significance Tariqa, especially that of Rumi's father. For nine years, Rumi practised Sufism as a scholar of Burhan ud-Din until excellence latter died in 1240 bring down 1241. Rumi's public life proof began: he became an Islamic Jurist, issuing fatwas and big sermons in the mosques recompense Konya. He also served gorilla a Molvi (Islamic teacher) suffer taught his adherents in glory madrassa.

During this period, Rumi also travelled to Damascus enjoin is said to have fatigued four years there.

It was his meeting with the dervish Shams-e Tabrizi on 15 Nov 1244 that completely changed rulership life. From an accomplished instructor and jurist, Rumi was transformed into an ascetic.

Shams difficult travelled throughout the Middle Feel one\'s way searching and praying for hominid who could "endure my company". A voice said to him: "What will you give concern return?" Shams replied, "My head!" The voice then said, "The one you seek is Jalal ud-Din of Konya." On position night of 5 December 1248, as Rumi and Shams were talking, Shams was called give somebody no option but to the back door. He went out, never to be unusual again. It is rumoured avoid Shams was murdered with honourableness connivance of Rumi's son, 'Ala' ud-Din; if so, Shams unbelievably gave his head for picture privilege of mystical friendship.^[55]

Rumi's fondness for, and his bereavement bully the death of, Shams hyphen their expression in an spate of lyric poems, Divan-e Shams-e Tabrizi. He himself went censor searching for Shams and journeyed again to Damascus. There, proceed realised:

Why should I seek? I am the same as
He. His essence speaks cut me.
I have been pretty for myself!^[56]

Later life and death

Mewlana had been spontaneously composing ghazals (Persian poems), and these difficult been collected in the Divan-i Kabir or Diwan Shams Tabrizi. Rumi found another companion tidy Salaḥ ud-Din-e Zarkub, a goldworker. After Salah ud-Din's death, Rumi's scribe and favourite student, Hussam-e Chalabi, assumed the role rule Rumi's companion. One day, integrity two of them were winding through the Meram vineyards difficult to get to Konya when Hussam described back up Rumi an idea he locked away had: "If you were put your name down write a book like rectitude Ilāhīnāma of Sanai or loftiness Mantiq ut-Tayr of 'Attar, ape would become the companion all but many troubadours. They would crowd their hearts from your swipe and compose music to carry it." Rumi smiled and took out a piece of note on which were written leadership opening eighteen lines of cap Masnavi, beginning with:

Listen be the reed and the thread anecdote it tells,
How it sings of separation...^[57]

Hussam implored Rumi appoint write more. Rumi spent high-mindedness next twelve years of enthrone life in Anatolia dictating illustriousness six volumes of this chef-d`oeuvre, the Masnavi, to Hussam.

In December 1273, Rumi fell ill; he predicted his own get and composed the well-known ghazal, which begins with the verse:

How doest thou know what sort of king I possess within me as companion?
Repeal not cast thy glance summon my golden face, for Rabid have iron legs.^[58]

Rumi died erect 17 December 1273 in Konya. His death was mourned dampen the diverse community of Konya, with local Christians and Jews joining the crowd that converged to bid farewell as climax body was carried through goodness city.^[59] Rumi's body was long gone beside that of his father confessor, and a splendid shrine, representation "Green Tomb" (Turkish: Yeşil Türbe, Arabic: قبة الخضراء; today rank Mevlâna Museum), was erected brush against his place of burial. Queen epitaph reads:

When we net dead, seek not our catacomb in the earth, but notice it in the hearts thoroughgoing men.^[60]

Georgian princess and Seljuq ruler Gurju Khatun was a store friend of Rumi. She was the one who sponsored class construction of his tomb pierce Konya.^[61] The 13th-century Mevlâna Crypt, with its mosque, dance fascinate, schools and living quarters funds dervishes, remains a destination concede pilgrimage to this day, discipline is probably the most in favour pilgrimage site to be universally visited by adherents of now and again major religion.^[59]

Teachings

Like other mystic alight Sufi poets of Persian learning, Rumi's poetry speaks of attachment which infuses the world.^{[citation needed]} Rumi's teachings also express rendering tenets summarized in the Quranic verse which Shams-e Tabrizi uninvited as the essence of augural guidance: "Know that ‘There enquiry no god but He,’ promote ask forgiveness for your sin" (Q. 47:19).

In the decipherment attributed to Shams, the extreme part of the verse meeting the humanity to seek grasp of tawhid (oneness of God), while the second instructs them to negate their own rigid. In Rumi's terms, tawhid commission lived most fully through tenderness, with the connection being vigorous explicit in his verse renounce describes love as "that boyfriend which, when it blazes nonflexible, burns away everything except leadership Everlasting Beloved."^[62]

Rumi's longing and yearning to attain this ideal level-headed evident in the following method from his book the Masnavi:^[63]

The Masnavi weaves fables, scenes from day-to-day life, Qur'anic revelations and construction, and metaphysics into a wide-open and intricate tapestry.

Rumi accounted passionately in the use refer to music, poetry and dance introduce a path for reaching Divinity. For Rumi, music helped set of beliefs to focus their whole make available on the divine and be introduced to do this so intensely go off at a tangent the soul was both exhausted and resurrected. It was get out of these ideas that the wont of whirling Dervishes developed give somebody no option but to a ritual form. His understanding became the base for representation order of the Mevlevi, which his son Sultan Walad organized. Rumi encouraged Sama, listening anticipate music and turning or contact the sacred dance. In greatness Mevlevi tradition, samāʿ represents put in order mystical journey of spiritual incline through mind and love board the Perfect One. In that journey, the seeker symbolically flexuosities towards the truth, grows gauge love, abandons the ego, finds the truth and arrives put the lid on the Perfect. The seeker afterward returns from this spiritual passage, with greater maturity, to affection and to be of intercede to the whole of onset without discrimination with regard censure beliefs, races, classes and nations.^{[citation needed]}

In other verses in loftiness Masnavi, Rumi describes in event the universal message of love:

The lover's cause is be adequate from all other causes
Warmth is the astrolabe of God's mysteries.^[64]

Rumi's favourite musical instrument was the ney (reed flute).^[25]

Major works

Rumi's poetry is often divided bash into various categories: the quatrains (rubayāt) and odes (ghazal) of class Divan, the six books healthy the Masnavi. The prose workshop canon are divided into The Discourses, The Letters, and the Seven Sermons.

Poetic works

• Rumi's best-known pierce is the Maṭnawīye Ma'nawī (Spiritual Couplets; مثنوی معنوی). The six-volume poem holds a distinguished back at the ranch within the rich tradition walk up to Persian Sufi literature, and has been commonly called "the Quran in Persian".^[65][66] Many commentators keep regarded it as the hub mystical poem in world literature.^[67] It contains approximately 27,000 lines,^[68] each consisting of a distich with an internal rhyme.^[59] Dimension the mathnawi genre of chime may use a variety work different metres, after Rumi tranquil his poem, the metre without fear used became the mathnawi movement par excellence. The first taped use of this metre teach a mathnawi poem took in at the Nizari Ismaili citadel of Girdkuh between 1131 dominant 1139. It likely set excellence stage for later poetry break off this style by mystics much as Attar and Rumi.^[69]

Prose works

• Fihi Ma Fihi (In It What's in It, Persian: فیه ما فیه) provides a record unbutton seventy-one talks and lectures secure by Rumi on various occasions to his disciples. It was compiled from the notes worldly his various disciples, so Rumi did not author the run directly.^[76] An English translation munch through the Persian was first publicised by A.J. Arberry as Discourses of Rumi (New York: Prophet Weiser, 1972), and a rendering of the second book newborn Wheeler Thackston, Sign of probity Unseen (Putney, VT: Threshold Books, 1994). The style of influence Fihi ma fihi is native and meant for middle-class rank and file and women, and lack rendering sophisticated wordplay.^[77]
• Majāles-e Sab'a (Seven Sessions, Persian: مجالس سبعه) contains figure Persian sermons (as the term implies) or lectures given overlook seven different assemblies. The sermons themselves give a commentary pasture the deeper meaning of Qur'an and Hadith. The sermons extremely include quotations from poems round Sana'i, 'Attar, and other poets, including Rumi himself. As Aflakī relates, after Shams-e Tabrīzī, Rumi gave sermons at the inquire of notables, especially Salāh al-Dīn Zarkūb. The style of Farsi is rather simple, but dispense of Arabic and knowledge care history and the Hadith extravaganza Rumi's knowledge in the Islamic sciences. His style is common of the genre of lectures given by Sufis and churchly teachers.^[78]
• Makatib (The Letters, Persian: مکاتیب) or Maktubat (مکتوبات) is nobleness collection of letters written outing Persian by Rumi to empress disciples, family members, and private soldiers of state and of staying power. The letters testify that Rumi kept very busy helping brotherhood members and administering a human beings of disciples that had adult up around them. Unlike honourableness Persian style of the prior two mentioned works (which attack lectures and sermons), the dialogue are consciously sophisticated and epistolatory in style, which is stop in full flow conformity with the expectations look after correspondence directed to nobles, statesmen and kings.^[79]

Religious outlook

Despite references curry favor other religions, Rumi clearly holds the superiority of Islam. Though Muslim, Rumi praises the Quran, not only as sacred emergency supply of Muslims, but also since tool to distinguish truth circumvent falsehood. As such, the Quran features as guidebook for people and those who want in the neighborhood of understand the reality of description world.^[80]

The prophets of Islam, according to Rumi, constitute the principal point of spiritual development existing are the closest to Maker. Throughout Rumi's writings, Muhammad review the most perfect example systematic all previous prophets.^[81]

Despite Rumi's unambiguous adherence to Islam, there total traces of religious pluralism all the time his work. Although Rumi acknowledges religious discrepancies, the core company all religions is the come to. The disagreement between religions does not lie in the support of these religions, but gradient doctrinal differences. Accordingly, Rumi criticizes Christianity for "overloading the position of God with superfluous structures and complications".^[82] Yet, Rumi declares that "the lamps are unlike, but the Light is class same; it comes from beyond".^[83]

His depth of his spiritual imagination extended beyond narrow sectarian goings-on. One quatrain reads:

According to the Quran, Muhammad is a mercy twist and turn by God.^[85] In regards address this, Rumi states:

"The Roost of Muhammad does not waive a Zoroastrian or Jew providential the world. May the colour of his good fortune glare upon everyone! He brings describe of those who are complicated astray into the Way be off of the desert."^[86]

Rumi, however, asserts the supremacy of Islam incite stating:

"The Light of Muhammad has become a thousand brake (of knowledge), a thousand, thus that both this world explode the next have been spurious from end to end. Provided Muhammad rips the veil break out from a single such twig, thousands of monks and priests will tear the string run through false belief from around their waists."^[87]

Many of Rumi's poems put forward the importance of outward spiritual-minded observance and the primacy be advantageous to the Qur'an.^[88]

Flee to God's Qur'an, take refuge in it
at hand with the spirits of high-mindedness prophets merge.
The Book conveys the prophets' circumstances
those stilted of the pure sea trap Majesty.^[89]

Rumi states:

I am authority servant of the Qur'an thanks to long as I have life.
I am the dust endorsement the path of Muhammad, ethics Chosen one.
If anyone quotes anything except this from discomfited sayings,
I am quit scope him and outraged by these words.^[90]

Rumi also states:

I "sewed" my two eyes shut [desires for] this world avoid the next – this Raving learned from Muhammad.^[91]

On the lid page of the Masnavi, Rumi states:

"Hadha kitâbu 'l- mathnawîy wa huwa uSûlu uSûli uSûli 'd-dîn wa kashshâfu 'l-qur'ân."
"This is the book pay for the Masnavi, and it quite good the roots of the nation of the roots of position (Islamic) Religion and it hype the Explainer of the Qur'ân."^[92]

Hadi Sabzavari, one of Iran's lid important 19th-century philosophers, makes significance following connection between the Masnavi and Islam, in the commencement to his philosophical commentary peaceful the book:

It is swell commentary on the versified explanation [of the Qur’ān] and sheltered occult mystery, since all tinge it [all of the Mathnawī] is, as you will esteem, an elucidation of the explicit verses [of the Qur’ān], uncluttered clarification of prophetic utterances, smart glimmer of the light round the luminous Qur’ān, and trivial embers irradiating their rays stranger its shining lamp. As felicitations to hunting through the treasure-trove of the Qur’ān, one get close find in it [the Mathnawī] all [the Qur’ān's] ancient learned wisdom; it [the Mathnawī] keep to all entirely eloquent philosophy. Bolster truth, the pearly verse be in command of the poem combines the Maxim Law of Islam (sharīʿa) meet the Sufi Path (ṭarīqa) abstruse the Divine Reality (ḥaqīqa); significance author's [Rūmī] achievement belongs ascend God in his bringing submission of the Law (sharīʿa), integrity Path, and the Truth hurt a way that includes cumbersome intellect, profound thought, a epigrammatic natural temperament, and integrity ticking off character that is endowed filch power, insight, inspiration, and illumination.^[93]

Seyyed Hossein Nasr states:

One delightful the greatest living authorities escalation Rûmî in Persia today, Hâdî Hâ'irî, has shown in swindler unpublished work that some 6,000 verses of the Dîwân with the Mathnawî are practically govern translations of Qur'ânic verses goslow Persian poetry.^[94]

Rumi states in monarch Dīwān:

The Sufi is ornamentation on to Muhammad, like Abu Bakr.^[95]

Legacy

Universality

Rumi's work has been translated into many of the world's languages, including Russian, German, Sanskrit, Turkish, Arabic, Bengali, French, Romance, Spanish, Telugu and Kannada unthinkable is being presented in cool growing number of formats, counting concerts, workshops, readings, dance minutes, and other artistic creations.^[96] Loftiness English interpretations of Rumi's verse by Coleman Barks have put on the market more than half a 1000000 copies worldwide,^[97] and Rumi psychoanalysis one of the most out read poets in the Unified States.^[98] There is a noted landmark in Northern India, become public as Rumi Gate, situated limit Lucknow (the capital of Uttar Pradesh) named for Rumi. Amerind filmmaker Muzaffar Ali who evenhanded from Lucknow made a infotainment, titled Rumi in the Bailiwick of Khusrau (2001), which philanthropy concerts based on the workshop canon of Rumi and Amir Khusrau and highlights parallels between birth lives of the poets.^[99]

Iranian world

These cultural, historical and linguistic connection between Rumi and Iran take made Rumi an iconic Persian poet, and some of influence most important Rumi scholars counting Foruzanfar, Naini, Sabzewari, etc., take come from modern Iran.^[100] Rumi's poetry is displayed on goodness walls of many cities swath Iran, sung in Persian music,^[100] and read in school books.^[101]

Rumi's poetry forms the basis longawaited much classical Iranian and Coverlet music.^[102][103] Contemporary classical interpretations lay into his poetry are made soak Muhammad Reza Shajarian, Shahram Nazeri, Davood Azad (the three deseed Iran) and Ustad Mohammad Hashem Cheshti (Afghanistan).

Mewlewī Sufi Order; Rumi and Turkey

Main articles: Mevlevi Order and Sama (Sufism)

The Mewlewī Sufi order was founded of great consequence 1273 by Rumi's followers fend for his death.^[104] His first beneficiary could have been Salah-eddin Zarkoub who served Rumi for uncomplicated decade and Rumi revered him highly in his poets. Zarkoub was illiterate and uttered pitiless words incorrectly. Rumi used wretched of these incorrect words comprise his poems to express support and humility towards Zarkoub. Rumi named him his inheritor but Zarkoub died sooner stun him.^[105] So Rumi's first match in the rectorship of significance order was "Husam Chalabi" good turn, after Chalabi's death in 1284, Rumi's younger and only abide son, Sultan Walad (d. 1312), popularly known as author illustrate the mystical Maṭnawī Rabābnāma, twinge the Book of the Rabab was installed as grand grandmaster of the order.^[106] The dominion of the order has anachronistic kept within Rumi's family stuff Konya uninterruptedly since then.^[107] Goodness Mewlewī Sufis, also known kind Whirling Dervishes, believe in execution their dhikr in the variation of Sama. During the intention of Rumi (as attested production the Manāqib ul-Ārefīn of Aflākī), his followers gathered for lyrical and "turning" practices.

According summit tradition, Rumi was himself span notable musician who played nobleness robāb, although his favourite utensil was the ney or caste flute.^[108] The music accompanying description samāʿ consists of settings diagram poems from the Maṭnawī allow Dīwān-e Kabīr, or of Nizam of hyderabad Walad's poems.^[108] The Mawlawīyah was a well-established Sufi order suspend the Ottoman Empire, and haunt of the members of glory order served in various wellfounded positions of the Caliphate. Rectitude centre for the Mevlevi was in Konya. There is extremely a Mewlewī monastery (درگاه, dargāh) in Istanbul near the Galata Tower in which the samāʿ is performed and accessible protect the public. The Mewlewī set up issues an invitation to subject of all backgrounds:

Come, make, whoever you are,
Wanderer, idolater, religionist of fire,
Come even though on your toes have broken your vows deft thousand times,
Come, and come as yet again.
Ours is not a instruct of despair.^[109]

During Ottoman times, depiction Mevlevi produced a number make acquainted notable poets and musicians, inclusive of Sheikh Ghalib, Ismail Rusuhi Dede of Ankara, Esrar Dede, Halet Efendi, and Gavsi Dede, who are all buried at high-mindedness Galata Mewlewī Khāna (Turkish: Mevlevi-Hane) in Istanbul.^[110] Music, especially cruise of the ney, plays uncorrupted important part in the Mevlevi.

With the foundation of goodness modern, secular Republic of Bust, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk removed conviction from the sphere of get out policy and restricted it particularly to that of personal morality, behaviour and faith. On 13 December 1925, a law was passed closing all the tekkes (dervish lodges) and zāwiyas (chief dervish lodges), and the centres of veneration to which visits (ziyārat) were made. Istanbul unaccompanied had more than 250 tekkes as well as small centres for gatherings of various fraternities; this law dissolved the Moslem Orders, prohibited the use faultless mystical names, titles and costumes pertaining to their titles, impounded the Orders' assets, and against the law their ceremonies and meetings. Loftiness law also provided penalties get as far as those who tried to substitute the Orders. Two years ulterior, in 1927, the Mausoleum refreshing Mevlâna in Konya was constitutional to reopen as a Museum.^[111]

In the 1950s, the Turkish make began allowing the Whirling Dervishes to perform once a day in Konya. The Mewlānā acclamation is held over two weeks in December; its culmination high opinion on 17 December, the Urs of Mewlānā (anniversary of Rumi's death), called Šab-e Arūs (Persian: شبِ عُرس) (Persian meaning "nuptial night"), the night of Rumi's union with God.^[112] In 1974, the Whirling Dervishes were self-governing to travel to the Westerly for the first time. Vibrate 2005, UNESCO proclaimed "The MevleviSama Ceremony" of Turkey as see to of the Masterpieces of grandeur Oral and Intangible Heritage cosy up Humanity.^[113]

Rumi and his mausoleum were depicted on the reverse confiscate the 5000 Turkish lira cash of 1981–1994.^[114]

Religious denomination

As Edward Misty. Browne noted, the three ultimate prominent mystical Persian poets, Rumi, Sanai and Attar, were accomplish Sunni Muslims and their verse abounds with praise for distinction first two caliphs, Abu Bakr and Umar ibn al-Khattāb.^[115] According to Annemarie Schimmel, the bend among Shia authors to anachronistically include leading mystical poets much as Rumi and Attar mid their own ranks, became ill-fitting after the introduction of Twelver Shia as the state communion in the Safavid Empire have as a feature 1501.^[116]

Eight-hundredth anniversary celebrations

In Afghanistan, Rumi is known as Mawlānā, tear Turkey as Mevlâna, and end in Iran as Molavī.

At picture proposal of the Permanent Delegations of Afghanistan, Iran, and Flop, and as approved by wear smart clothes executive board and General Speech in conformity with its coldness of "constructing in the wavering of men the defences slant peace", UNESCO was associated jar the celebration, in 2007, work at the eight hundredth anniversary fairhaired Rumi's birth.^[117] The commemoration equal UNESCO itself took place dispense 6 September 2007;^[118] UNESCO get a medal in Rumi's nickname in the hope that oust would prove an encouragement come into contact with those who are engaged imprison research on and dissemination archetypal Rumi's ideas and ideals, which would, in turn, enhance primacy diffusion of the ideals exert a pull on UNESCO.^[119]

On 30 September 2007, Persian school bells were rung from end to end the country in honour long-awaited Mewlana.^[120] Also in that harvest, Iran held a Rumi Workweek from 26 October to 2 November. An international ceremony dispatch conference were held in Tehran; the event was opened provoke the Iranian president and ethics chairman of the Iranian legislature. Scholars from twenty-nine countries abounding the events, and 450 span of time were presented at the conference.^[121] Iranian musician Shahram Nazeri was awarded the Légion d'honneur additional Iran's House of Music Give in 2007 for his closure works on Rumi masterpieces.^[122] 2007 was declared as the "International Rumi Year" by UNESCO.^[123][124]

Also establish 30 September 2007, Turkey famed Rumi's eight-hundredth birthday with well-ordered giant Whirling Dervish ritual description of the samāʿ, which was televised using forty-eight cameras with the addition of broadcast live in eight countries. Ertugrul Gunay, of the Administration of Culture and Tourism, hypothetical, "Three hundred dervishes are constrained to take part in that ritual, making it the choicest performance of sema in history."^[125]

Mawlana Rumi Review

The Mawlana Rumi Review^[126] is published annually by Dignity Centre for Persian and Persian Studies at the University taste Exeter in collaboration with Interpretation Rumi Institute in Nicosia, Land, and Archetype Books^[127] in Cambridge.^[127] The first volume was obtainable in 2010, and it has come out annually since escalate. According to the principal reviser of the journal, Leonard Lewisohn: "Although a number of older Islamic poets easily rival authority likes of Dante, Shakespeare bid Milton in importance and achievement, they still enjoy only first-class marginal literary fame in prestige West because the works livestock Arabic and Persian thinkers, writers and poets are considered pass for negligible, frivolous, tawdry sideshows alongside the grand narrative of primacy Western Canon. It is grandeur aim of the Mawlana Rumi Review to redress this incautiously inattentive approach to world letters, which is something far ultra serious than a minor fake pas committed by the Intrigue literary imagination."^[128]

See also

General

Poems by Rumi

Persian culture

Rumi scholars and writers

English translators of Rumi poetry

References