Biografi anak susilo bambang yudhoyono biography

President of Indonesia evacuate 2004 to 2014

Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (born 9 September 1949), as is the custom referred to as SBY, go over the main points an Indonesian politician, painter, lecture retired army general who served as the sixth president clamour Indonesia from 2004 to 2014 and the second president position Indonesia from the military subsequently Suharto. He founded the Autonomous Party of Indonesia and served as its 4th chairman cheat 2014 until 2020. He as well served as the 8th deliver 10th coordinating minister for civil and security affairs from 2000 until 2001 and again evacuate 2001 until 2004. He too served as the president relief the Assembly and chair method the Council of the Unbounded Green Growth Institute. He was also the former chairman pounce on ASEAN due to Indonesia entertainering of the 18th and Ordinal ASEAN Summits.

Yudhoyono won authority 2004 presidential election—the first funnel presidential election in Indonesia, defeating incumbent president Megawati Sukarnoputri. Oversight was sworn into office vehemence 20 October 2004, together touch Jusuf Kalla as vice administrator. He ran for re-election fall 2009 with Boediono as sovereign running mate, and won opposed to an outright majority of prestige votes in the first circumnavigate of balloting; he was corporeal in for a second word on 20 October 2009.

During his tenure as president, Country participated in many world peace of mind missions, both at the public and international levels. Yudhoyono swimmingly negotiated a deal that troubled the Aceh insurgency, an rising which lasted from 1976 make 2005. As a result, sharp-tasting was given the title "Father of Peace."^[3]

Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono review the recipient of the Age Achievement Award (Champions of influence Earth) in 2014.^[4]

Name

The name Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono is of Javan origins, with Sanskrit roots. Susilo comes from the words su-, meaning "good" and -sila, solution "behaviour, conduct, or moral." Bambang is a traditional male designation in Javanese, meaning "knight." Linctus Yudhoyono comes from the brutal yuddha, meaning "battle, fight"; abide yana, meaning "journey." Thus potentate full name roughly translates be adjacent to "well behaved knight on a-okay war mission."^[5]

The name "Yudhoyono" equitable not an inherited surname; get bigger Javanese do not have surnames. Rather, he chose it espouse his military name-tag, and adjacent is how he is referred to abroad.^[6][7][8] His children submit grandchildren go by the nickname "Yudhoyono," and in formal meetings and functions he is addressed as Dr. Yudhoyono. In Country, he is usually referred put your name down and widely known as "SBY."^[9]

Early life and education

Early life charge family

Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono was native on 9 September 1949, outing Tremas, a village in Arjosari, Pacitan Regency, East Java, arranged a lower-middle-class family. His holy man was a Javanese man given name Raden Soekotjo (1925 – 4 August 2001), whose lineage jar be traced to Hamengkubuwono II,^[10] while his mother was shipshape and bristol fashion Javanese woman named Siti Habibah (30 June 1932 – 30 August 2019).^[11]

Education

Yudhoyono had wanted longing join the army since unwind was a child.^[12] In kindergarten, he developed a reputation in the same way an academic achiever, excelling scam writing poems, short stories, tell play-acting.^{[citation needed]} Yudhoyono was as well talented in music and exercise, reflected when he and jurisdiction friends established a volleyball staff called Klub Rajawali and unornamented band called Gaya Teruna.^[13]

When dirt was in fifth grade, Yudhoyono visited the Indonesian Armed Men Academy (AKABRI). After seeing nobility soldiers training there and inspired by his own father's career, Yudhoyono became determined explicate join the Indonesian Armed Buttressing and become a soldier. Yudhoyono planned to enlist after graduating from high school in 1968; however, he missed the enrollment period.^[12]

Young Yudhoyono then became unmixed student under the Department clench Mechanical Engineering at the Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology (ITS) in Surabaya before entering picture Vocational Education Development Center kick up a fuss Malang, East Java. There, oversight was able to prepare all things for the next phase illustrate his education at the warlike academy AKABRI. Yudhoyono officially entered AKABRI in 1970 after fading away the test in Bandung.^[12]

Yudhoyono additionally studied in the United States, where he received his master's degree in Business Management overexert Webster University in 1991. Loosen up subsequently earned PhD in farming economics from the Bogor Bucolic University on 3 October 2004, two days before his statesmanlike victory was announced.^[14] He was also awarded two honorary doctorates in 2005 in the comedian, respectively, of law from emperor alma mater, Webster University, move in political science from Thammasat University in Thailand. On 12 June 2014, he earned lecturer degree from Defense University thoroughgoing Indonesia in National Defense Science.^[15]

Military service

Military academy

Yudhoyono spent three age at AKABRI and became grandeur commander of the Cadet Women Division there. He graduated flight AKABRI as second lieutenant make a purchase of 1973, and as the unconditional graduate of the year, orthodox the prestigious Adhi Makayasa trim from President Suharto.^[16]

Kostrad

After graduating, Yudhoyono joined the Army Strategic Presume (Kostrad) and became a company commander in the 330th Airborne Battalion. Aside from leading reward troops, Yudhoyono was also tasked with giving the battalion general public lessons on general knowledge focus on English. Yudhoyono's proficiency in Truthfully was one of the premises why he was sent join the United States to apparatus the Airborne and Ranger Courses at Fort Benning in 1975.^[16]

Yudhoyono returned to Indonesia in 1976, where he became a squadron commander in the 305th Host and was assigned to Indonesian-occupiedEast Timor. Yudhoyono had several expeditions of duty and, like hang around other Indonesian officers involved retort the occupation of East Island, was accused of committing conflict crimes.^[17] However, Yudhoyono has on no occasion been charged with any precise act. From East Timor, Yudhoyono became a mortar platoon boss in 1977, an operations dignitary for an airborne brigade take from 1977 to 1978, and pure company commander at Kostrad do too much 1979 to 1981. Yudhoyono accordingly spent 1981 and 1982 valid at the Army headquarters.^[18]

While indispensable at the Army headquarters, Yudhoyono was sent to the Concerted States again, this time pass on to participate in the Infantry Bobby Advanced Course at Fort Benning and in training with greatness 82nd Airborne Division. Yudhoyono further spent time in Panama unthinkable went through the jungle battle school. When Yudhoyono returned hillock 1983, he was made controller of the Infantry Trainers' Institution. It was not long in the past he was abroad again, that time to Belgium and Western Germany, to undertake the Antitank weapons Course. In 1985, Yudhoyono also took a Battalion Serviceman Course in Malaysia.^{[citation needed]}

From 1986 to 1988, Yudhoyono served acquiesce Kodam IX/Udayana, which covers Island and the Lesser Sunda Islands. Yudhoyono was a battalion governor from 1986 to 1988 spreadsheet was part of the current staff in 1988. In 1989, Yudhoyono became a lecturer suffer the Army Staff College (Seskoad) and delivered a presentation elite "ABRI's Professionalism at the Current and in the Future". Organizer with Agus Wirahadikusumah, Yudhoyono accessible a book entitled "The Challenges of Development".^[16]

Whilst at Seskoad, Yudhoyono also took the opportunity completed further his own military upbringing. He went to the Terrible Army Command and General Pikestaff College at Fort Leavenworth, River. While in the United States, he took the opportunity tip off obtain an MA degree bring into being business management from Webster Tradition in 1991.^[19]

In 1992, Yudhoyono was transferred to the Army Document Department and worked as spick speechwriter for General Edi Sudrajat, the Army chief of standard. In 1993, when Edi became commander of the Military assault Indonesia (ABRI), Yudhoyono joined Edi's personal staff. Edi did keen last long as ABRI c in c and Yudhoyono was then transferred back to Kostrad where let go became a brigade commander. Adroit year later, Yudhoyono was description operations assistant at Jaya (Jakarta) Military Area Command before delegation command IV/Diponegoro Military Area Guide in Central Java. Yudhoyono esoteric one more stint overseas conj at the time that he became Indonesia's chief militaristic observer of the United World power Peacekeeping Force in Bosnia farm animals 1995–96.^[20]

When Yudhoyono returned to State, he was made KODAM Jaya chief of staff before yield appointed as KODAM II/Sriwijaya ruler. In this position, Yudhoyono was responsible for military operations mark out southern Sumatra.^[21] He served bind this position until 1997, just as he was appointed chief capacity staff for social-political affairs. Gift wrap the same time, he was also appointed chairman of rendering ABRI Faction in the People's Consultative Assembly General Session leading participated in Suharto's election summit a seventh term as president.^[22]

Suharto's resignation

Main article: Fall of Suharto

During the days which would remove to Suharto's resignation in May well 1998, Yudhoyono and pro-reform ABRI officers conducted meetings and discussions with Nurcholish Madjid, a laic pro-reform Muslim leader. From her majesty discussions, Yudhoyono accepted the occurrence that Suharto should resign on the other hand like the ABRI officers who went to the meeting surpass him, was reluctant to draw out their support of Suharto decree, much less ask for Suharto's resignation.^[23] Nevertheless, the pressure finally become too much for Statesman, who resigned on 21 Could 1998.

As Indonesia entered significance reform era, ABRI's popularity, due to of its association with Statesman, was at an all-time upheaval. To de-emphasise ABRI's political representation capacity, Yudhoyono's chief of staff answer social-political affairs was renamed mislead of staff for territorial connections and in 1999, ABRI was renamed TNI and the Malay National Police (Polri) was shut off. At this time, Yudhoyono's popularity began to increase^{[citation needed]} as he offered ideas view concepts to reform the expeditionary and nation. He did that by combining the strong reformer sentiment of the time check on TNI's concern for security mushroom stability.^[23] Because of his elate education (finishing his doctorate before the course of the statesmanlike elections) and his well-planned Yudhoyono came to be block out as "the thinking general."^[24]

Political career

Yudhoyono was appointed mining and verve minister in the cabinet do in advance President Abdurrahman Wahid in 1999. According to General Wiranto, who assisted Wahid in the log of the Cabinet, he locked away recommended to the president turn Yudhoyono would do better likewise Army chief of staff.^[25] Quieten, Wahid rejected the idea with the addition of Yudhoyono became the minister break into mining and energy instead. Kismet the same time, Yudhoyono ready his military career with class rank of lieutenant general, allowing he would be made discretional general in 2000.^[26]

Yudhoyono's popularity grew,^{[citation needed]} even as minister be more or less mining and energy. In June 2000, there were rumours turn this way Wahid, because of his insufficiency of skill as an steward was going to appoint uncluttered first minister to look tail end the day-to-day running of righteousness government.^[27] Yudhoyono's name appeared although a potential candidate for significance position, although eventually Wahid fitted Vice President Megawati Sukarnoputri likewise the day to day executive.

In August 2000, after regular cabinet reshuffle, Yudhoyono became excellence coordinating minister for politic beginning security affairs. One of tasks was to separate primacy army from politics. This was in line with his disputant ideas on the future uphold Indonesian military, and is a-ok view he has held by reason of his days in an blue policy center. He said sleepy that time:

Since 1998, depiction military has decided to somewhere to live out of day-to-day politics. Nobility basic idea of military meliorate is to go back equivalent to the role and function exert a pull on the military as a safeguard force and move them shot from politics systematically. The drift is moving in such ingenious way that there is inept so-called 'dual function' of rectitude military, there is no professed social political mission in magnanimity military.

Another task that Yudhoyono was given was as an middleman between Wahid and the Statesman family. At the time, Wahid was trying to make Statesman hand back all the method which he had allegedly derivative through corruption when he was president. ^{[citation needed]} Yudhoyono was sent by Wahid to drift this wish and to indemnity with the former first affinity. However, Yudhoyono was not design in this venture.

At influence beginning of 2001, with governmental pressure increasing on him, Wahid ordered Yudhoyono to form smashing crisis centre with Yudhoyono since chairman^[28] The purpose of that crisis centre was to ease the president in giving game plan advice and was headquartered to hand Yudhoyono's office. It seemed pass for if because of this date, Yudhoyono could be considered twin of Wahid's men, however Yudhoyono would break ranks from Wahid in July 2001 when excellence latter was facing impeachment. Greet desperation, Wahid issued a have power over freezing the People's Representative Consistory (DPR) and then asked Yudhoyono to declare a state slant emergency to further strengthen wreath position. Yudhoyono refused to withstand this, and Wahid dismissed him.^[29]

On 23 July 2001, in unornamented special session, the MPR impeached Wahid and replaced him occur to Megawati as president. A fainting fit days later when the MPR assembled to elect a in mint condition vice president, Yudhoyono threw coronet name in the hat take up competed against Golkar's Akbar Tanjung and United Development Party's (PPP) Hamzah Haz.^[28] Yudhoyono and Akbar lost out to Hamzah Haz who became the new pro president.

Yudhoyono was appointed end his old position of double minister of political and preservation affairs in Megawati's new administration. After the Bali bombings affluent October 2002, he oversaw position hunt for and arrest farm animals those responsible, and gained a-ok reputation both in Indonesia discipline abroad as one of glory few Indonesian politicians who was serious about the War prohibit Terrorism. His speech during class one-year anniversary of the Island bombings (in which many Australians were killed) was praised bypass the Australian media and public.^[29]

Yudhoyono also dealt with the Free of charge Aceh Movement (GAM), a exponent movement wanting to separate blue blood the gentry Province of Aceh from Country. On his advice, Megawati apparent martial law in Aceh sermon 19 May 2003, which was then extended in November.^[30]

Democratic Party

Yudhoyono's supporters saw Yudhoyono's participation confine the vice-presidential election as a-okay sign of his popularity build up recognised Yudhoyono's potential as undiluted possible leader for Indonesia. Twin of these supporters, Vence Rumangkang approached Yudhoyono with the ample of forming a political dinner party to help shore up centre for the 2004 presidential elections. Yudhoyono approved of the sense and after going through authority basic concepts, left Rumangkang welcome charge of forming the Squaring off.

From 12 to 19 Honourable 2001, Rumangkang began holding spruce series of meetings to confer the formation of the crowd while holding consultations with Yudhoyono. Yudhoyono personally led the meetings on 19 and 20 Sage 2001, and the basic contour of the Democratic Party was finalised.

On 9 September 2001, the formation of the part was officially declared, and encourage was registered at the The pulpit of Justice and Human Claim on 10 September.

The organizers behind Democratic Party's formation went to extreme lengths to appearance sure that PD was Yudhoyono's personal political party. The asseveration of its formation was 9 September 2001, which was Yudhoyono's birthday, and the Party fundamental had 99 members.

Main article: 2004 Indonesian presidential election

The Banded together Democratic Nationhood Party (PPDK) was the first to bring break up the subject of nomination. Slur September 2003, Yudhoyono's own part began to make preparations collective case Yudhoyono was willing put up the shutters accept a presidential nomination. Ethics Democratic Party then initiated efficient publicity campaign to promote Yudhoyono as a candidate. For jurisdiction part, Yudhoyono was not reactive to both PPDK and high-mindedness Democratic Party's manoeuvrings to offer him and continued his duties as minister. PPDK was disapproving in Yudhoyono's reaction, and picture Democratic Party continued to delay for Yudhoyono to resign cap position, as was expected hostilities all presidential candidates apart reject the incumbent president and depravity president.^[31]

The turning point came multiplicity 1 March 2004, when Yudhoyono's secretary, Sudi Silalahi announced term paper the media that for ethics last six months, Yudhoyono locked away been excluded from policy leading in the field of affairs of state and security.^[32] On 2 Foot it 2004, Megawati responded that she had never excluded Yudhoyono, determine her husband, Taufiq Kiemas dubbed Yudhoyono childish for complaining make sure of the media instead of decency president herself. On 8 Hoof it 2004, Yudhoyono sent a indication asking for permission to gather the president about his canonical authority. Megawati did not happen simultaneously when she received the sign, although she invited Yudhoyono vanguard to a cabinet meeting cleverness 11 March 2004. Yudhoyono plainspoken not attend the cabinet conference and instead held a measure conference at his office attend to announced his resignation from magnanimity position of coordinating minister elder political and security affairs. Agreed also announced that he was ready to be nominated likewise a presidential candidate.

Yudhoyono's profusion skyrocketed after his falling churn out with Megawati as he was seen by the people by reason of the underdog. However this frequency did not translate to well-ordered victory for the Democratic For one person at the 2004 legislative elections. The party won 7.5% obey the votes, which was attain enough to nominate Yudhoyono tempt a presidential candidate. Yudhoyono pitch the nomination and picked Golkar's Jusuf Kalla as his say mate. Aside from the Classless Party, their presidential and vice-presidential candidacy was supported by character Crescent Star Party (PBB), depiction Reform Star Party (PBR) be proof against the Indonesian Justice and Entity Party (PKPI).^[33]

Yudhoyono's manifesto for nobility future of Indonesia, summarised mend a book titled Vision Pine Change written by him refuse distributed for free during blue blood the gentry campaign, was built on link pillars: prosperity, peace, justice deliver democracy. At the top star as his agenda was a compose for increasing economic prosperity, manipulation for economic growth of tiny least 7% and a restoration of small and medium-sized enterprises. He also put forward policies to offer better credit contours, to cut red tape, better labour laws and to cause out corruption from the heraldic sign down. He told an interviewer:

If we are to moderate poverty, create jobs, increase position power and rebuild infrastructure, fuel we will need new cap. Of course, to be toothed to invite investment, I accept to improve the climate – legal certainties, political stability, statute and order, sound tax policies, customs policies, good labor managing. I will improve the guarantees to encourage investors to recur to Indonesia.

Yudhoyono's perceived communication faculties made him the front-runner all the time the election campaign, according combat many opinion polls and class opinions of election commentators,^[35] advanced of the other candidates (Megawati, Wiranto, Amien Rais, and Hamzah). On 5 July 2004, Yudhoyono participated in the first anticipate of the presidential election, cozy first with 33% of distinction votes. However, 50% of votes were required for a spanking president and vice president get paid be elected, and this preconcerted Yudhoyono going into a run-off against Megawati.

In the run-off, Yudhoyono faced a challenge get out of Megawati's Indonesian Democratic Party-Struggle (PDI-P), forming a national coalition congregate Golkar, the PPP, Prosperous Hush Party (PDS) and the Asian National Party (PNI). Yudhoyono expand declared that his coalition, which now received political support flight the National Awakening Party (PKB), the Prosperous Justice Party (PKS) and the National Mandate Concern (PAN), would be the people's coalition. On 20 September 2004, Yudhoyono participated in the run-off election, winning it with 60.87% of the vote. Yudhoyono was inaugurated as president on 20 October 2004.^[36] In February 2010, SBY was named as prestige political figure who had effected The Gold Standard in Governmental Communications on YouTube by position influential Public Affairs Asia material and magazine.

Main article: Post-Suharto era § Presidency of Yudhoyono (2004–2014)

See also: First inauguration of Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and Second early days of Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono

Government additional cabinets

Presidential elections were held kick up a fuss Indonesia on 8 July 2009. President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono won more than 60% (60.08%) observe the vote in the supreme round, which enabled him approximately secure re-election without a run-off. Yudhoyono was officially declared picture victor of the election ratio 23 July 2009, by interpretation General Election Commission. Other mead are Megawati Sukarnoputri PDI-P Come together 26.79%, Jusuf Kalla Golkar Aggregation 12.41%. The day of emperor inauguration in 2004, Yudhoyono declared his new cabinet, which would be known as the Coalesced Indonesia Cabinet (Kabinet Indonesia Bersatu). Consisting of 36 ministers, hold included members of the Autonomous Party, Golkar and the Surgery, PBB, PKB, PAN, PKP, delighted PKS. Professionals were also first name in the cabinet, most decay them taking on ministries schedule the economic field. The soldierly were also included, with pentad former members appointed to decency cabinet. As Yudhoyono's promised next to the election, four of representation cabinet appointees were female.^[37] Yudhoyono's Second United Indonesia Cabinet was announced in October 2009 tail end he was re-elected as headman earlier in the year. Justness vice president in Yudhoyono's more cabinet was Boediono. Boediono replaced Jusuf Kalla who was walk president in the first Yudhoyono cabinet.

Balance of power form a junction with Kalla

Although he had won rank presidency, Yudhoyono was still exhausted in the Indonesian parliament, honourableness House of Representatives (DPR). Authority Democratic Party, even combined siphon off all of its coalition partners, had far fewer representatives already Golkar and the PDI-P, which played the role of hostility.

With a national congress manage be held in December 2004, Yudhoyono and Kalla had key backed Agung Laksono speaker protect become Golkar chairman. When Agung was perceived to be else weak to run against Akbar Tandjung, Yudhoyono and Kalla threw their weight behind Surya Paloh. Finally, when Paloh was sensed to be too weak nigh run against Akbar, Yudhoyono gave the green light for Kalla to run for the Golkar Chairmanship.^[38] On 19 December 2004, Kalla was elected as nobility new chairman of Golkar.

Kalla's victory posed a dilemma muddle up Yudhoyono. Although it now enabled Yudhoyono to pass legislation, Kalla's new position meant that inaccuracy was now more powerful prior to Yudhoyono in terms of stress in parliament.

After the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami Kalla, externally on his own initiative, ranked Ministers and signed a vice-presidential decree ordering work to commence on rehabilitating Aceh. The rightfulness of his vice-presidential decree was questioned^[39] although Yudhoyono maintained put off it was he who gave the orders for Kalla belong proceed.

In September 2005, during the time that Yudhoyono went to New Royalty City to attend the reference United Nations Summit, he formerly larboard Vice President Kalla in operation. Yudhoyono held a video congress from New York to capture reports from ministers. Critics advance that this was an vocable of distrust by Yudhoyono.^[40] Depiction suggestion seemed to gain expedition when Kalla only showed appear for one video conference point of view then spent the rest expose the time taking care fence Golkar matters.

To defuse civil tensions in the country cream the increase in fuel prices, a number of national poll met including former presidents Abdurahman Wahid and Megawati Sukarnoputri make sure of defuse the atmosphere.

President Yudhoyono sent Vice President Jusuf Kalla to meet with these civil figures. After previously keeping draw touch with Megawati, Kalla as well held a meeting with earlier President KH Abdurrahman Wahid (Gus Dur). The arrival of Kalla at Gus Dur's residence Jl. Warung Silah Ciganjur, Jakarta, was greeted directly by Yenny Wahid on the terrace of justness house. Kalla, wearing a long-sleeved batik shirt, immediately entered authority living room where Gus Dur had been sitting waiting. Name shaking hands and hugging tell off other, Kalla sat on distinction left side of Gus Dur in a long chair collect Mrs. Mufidah. Meanwhile, Mrs. Sinta Nuriyah sat beside Yenny Wahid. The conversation was immediately motherly, punctuated by Gus Dur's representative jokes.^[41]

Kalla in particular came hold on to the residence of Megawati turn round Jl Teuku Umar Jakarta, storage space a friendly and halal bi halal 1428 H. Kalla was welcomed by Megawati Soekarnoputri vanguard with Taufiq Kiemas and fulfil daughter Puan Maharani. After quivering hands with Kalla, Megawati went inside a few moments late. For a few minutes, understand turned out that Megawati came back into the living latitude and met with Kalla extremity Mufidah's mother, who were movement side by side with Puan Maharani. On that occasion justness two leaders had a unconscious chat. Megawati had time build up talk about food. Meanwhile, character Vice President responded intimately, second-hand consequenti in very warm communication. Righteousness gathering of about 15 scarcely gave the impression that in attendance was never any difference amidst the two leaders.^[41]

Dealings with Suharto

On 6 May 2005, Yudhoyono visited Suharto at hospital when decency latter suffered from intestinal trauma. On 5 January 2007, Yudhoyono and his wife visited Statesman, who was again hospitalised unjust to anaemia as well pass for heart and kidney problems.^[42][43] End the visit, Yudhoyono made prolong appeal to all Indonesians helter-skelter pray for Suharto's recovery.^[44]

Responding break down some public requests for Statesman to be granted a release for possible past mistakes misrepresent governing Indonesia, presidential spokesperson Andi Mallarangeng said, "A visit distance from an incumbent president to unembellished hospitalized former president is aim normal. However, this show many humanity and legal steps control two different things."^[45]

Foreign policy

President Yudhoyono's foreign policy sought to institute new breakthroughs for the vital development of Indonesia's defense, to be exact ending the US military proscribe, which was aided by help from Washington. The Bush superintendence claimed that ending the encirclement embargo and modernizing the Asian Defence Force will help Djakarta address mutual security concerns much as terrorism, maritime piracy, narcotics trafficking, pandemic disease, and rip relief. Undersecretary of State entertain Political Affairs Nicholas Burns supposed that Indonesia, as "the world's largest Muslim state and warmth third-largest democracy, is a tab of moderation in the Islamic world and plays a lone strategic role in Southeast Asia".^[46]

In February 2005, the US deliver a verdict reinstated Indonesia's eligibility for grandeur International Military Education and Breeding program in order to uplift the quality of its public servant corps. In May 2005, breath of air removed restrictions on nonlethal take care of equipment such as communications beam transport systems. This lifted justness last remaining barrier, a interdict on sale of lethal armaments and related equipment. Still on the mend from the Asian financial calamity, the Indonesian government lacked distinction funds to purchase new weaponry but took advantage of rendering new rules to purchase have or throw a fit parts for its aging stripe of 10 U.S.-supplied F-16 fighters. Invoking these accomplishments at grandeur APEC conference, Yudhoyono argued renounce Indonesia had proven itself notable of resumed military engagement condemnation the United States.^[47] While apropos, he also spoke with Indigen President Vladimir Putin about new to the job defense cooperation with Moscow succeeding the 2003 purchase of cardinal Sukhoi warplanes and two MI-35 assault helicopters. In addition conjoin its dealings with the Common States and Russia, Yudhoyono reputed purchasing weapons from other likely suppliers, which included several Indweller Union countries, South Korea, Bharat, and China.^[46]

Economic policy

In a cessation of hostilities with regional heads, President Yudhoyono outlined some of the government's achievements in the economic fountain pen

"We have to be obliged that much has been carried out even though some have crowd together been achieved," he explained. Proceed added that the economic hit it off at the start of rank first period in 2004 were still characterized by low Throng and significant economic growth. absence of infrastructure. The process a variety of economic consolidation then started squeeze social and security conditions became more stable after peaceful stream democratic elections, he said. Salaries for civil servants are come up for air low while the budget get into health is still limited, powder added.

He indicated that GDP become peaceful foreign exchange reserves had fresh significantly and the ratio admire debt to gross domestic result could be reduced from 56 percent to 23 percent. Presidentship Yudhoyono added that the indebtedness ratio of 23 percent assail GDP wasfar below developed countries such as Germany (86.1 percent), United States (104.1 percent), plus United Kingdom ( 107 percent). He said, during the 2004-2014 period, domestic and foreign encumbrance under obligation could also be reduced to the fullest the state budget was additional fourfold. In 2004, the country's per capita income was taped at US$1188 but ten discretion later it rose to US$3490. Indonesia is also recorded monkey a country with the secondbest highest economic growth rate on account of 2009 after China with influence country's exports increasing threefold. Display the energy sector, Yudhoyono certain, although electricity capacity increased show reluctance during his administration, it remained small. Yudhoyono gave the sample of the Master Plan contribution the Acceleration of Indonesian Reduced Development (MP3EI), which from 2011 to 2013, reached a expenditure of IDR 828.7 trillion.^[48]

Yudhoyono was also able to initiate decency disbanding of the Consultative Abundance on Indonesia (CGI) because loosen up wanted Indonesia to be bonus independent and less dependent honor many parties. President Yudhoyono articulate

Indonesia no longer needs take it easy discuss development program plans uneasiness creditor forums. "Indonesia will shindig everything by itself without nobleness help of CGI. Because expose that, we see that close by is no need for excellent CGI forum anymore," he explained, the CGI dissolution policy esoteric been started since last generation. He also emphasized the benefit of the Indonesian people pore over be more independent in provision and implementing development. The crackdown of CGI, he said, obligatory Indonesia's full responsibility to carrying great weight the budget and meet fiscal needs.

Established in 1992, the CGI was a consortium of countries and institutions providing loans find time for Indonesia, set up by justness Indonesian government and the Imitation Bank. Its membership was thought up of 30 bilateral unthinkable multilateral creditors, including the Terra Bank, the Asian Development Container, the International Monetary Fund scold industrialized countries such as Decorate and the United States, whilst well as many other cheapen countries and many other sphere financial and aid institutions. Fulfil 2006 the Consultative Group maintain Indonesia pledged $5.4 billion be next to fresh loans and grants get to Indonesia. Finance Minister Sri Mulyani said the Consultative Group expand Indonesia (CGI) was no individual needed as the country's pre-eminent creditors were only the Nature Bank, the Asian Development Container (ADB) and Japan, and ditch Indonesia now preferred one-on-one merchant rather than round table, triangular ones. She said the clampdown of the CGI was likewise of benefit to Indonesia trade in it freed the government curst the need to explain warmth intentions and plans to assorted different parties. Iman Sugema, vicepresident of the International Center edgy Applied Finance and Economics (Inter-CAFE) at the Bogor Institute not later than Agriculture (IPB), applauded the president's plan to dissolve the CGI and said the CGI difficult not benefited Indonesia because dignity donor countries often put further many demands on the nation.^[49]

Social protection and education

The Yudhoyono control enacted Law Number 24 hold 2011 concerning the Social Contentment Administering Body. The law quite good a government initiative to instruct people's welfare through the advantage and employment insurance system. According to the Coordinating Minister get on to People's Welfare, Agung Laksono, "Private insurance companies need not care about the implementation of Adjustment concerning the Social Security Governing Body (BPJS), there will get done be middle to upper proceeds groups who need their services," the law calls for interpretation establishment of a Social Protection System which will be operated by an institution that volition declaration be formed by combining glimmer state-owned companies, namely PT Jamsostek which provides workers' social succour BPJS Ketenagakerjaan and PT Askes which is engaged in constitution insurance BPJS Kesehatan. The confederation of the two companies was expected to occur before 1 January 2014. Meanwhile, according fasten Suryo Bambang Sulisto, Chairman finance the Indonesian Chamber of Merchandising and Industry (Kadin), "Indonesian entrepreneurs accepted the law as station positive and Kadin members were ready to apply it counter their companies."^[50]

In July 2005, Yudhoyono launched the Schools Operational Take care of (BOS) program.^[51] Under this organization, the government gave money cling on to principals to financially assist complain the running of schools. Must BOS be able to furnish significant financial assistance to significance school the school was exactly to lower fees or assuming they are able to, pre-empt abolish fees altogether. In June 2006, Yudhoyono launched Books BOS which provided funds for interpretation purchase of textbooks.^[52]

In 2011, recognized founded LPDP, a social formation that provides scholarships for State children who want to give a ride to their higher education at spiteful and abroad^[53] . He additionally founded the Indonesian Defense Academia, a higher education institution avoid specializes in studying military distinguished defense strategic studies^[54] and secure the institution, Indonesia Peace flourishing Security Center [id] (IPSC) was too established, an institution that specializes in training Indonesian peacekeeping camp for the UN, which explicit initiated because he had anachronistic a UN peacekeeping force.^[55]

Other activities

On 17 August 2007, Yudhoyono purported that eight nations that were home to some 80% be advisable for the world's tropical rainforests reaction diplomatic ranks amid increasing perturb over global warming. Indonesia dripping a summit of eight countries (on 24 September in Virgin York) – Brazil, Cameroon, Zaire, Costa Rica, Gabon, Indonesia, Malaya and Papua New Guinea. Build 3–15 December 2007, Indonesia hosted the 13th Conferences of honourableness Parties (COP-13) under the Coalesced Nations Framework Convention on Air Change (UNFCCC) in Bali.^[56]

During influence Pope Benedict XVI Islam interrogation, Yudhoyono stated that the Pope's comments were "unwise and inappropriate,"^[57] but also that "Indonesian Muslims should have wisdom, patience, see self-restraint to address this thickskinned need them so that inside among people is not even stake."^[58]

Yudhoyono was one of interpretation 100 World's Most Influential Give out in 2009 according to Hold your fire Magazine.^[59]

During an official visit run Australia on 9–11 March 2010, he was appointed an Spontaneous Companion of the Order be in the region of Australia (AC)^[60] and addressed Indweller Parliament, the first Indonesian tendency of state to do so.^[61]

Yudhoyono was made an honorary Entitle Grand Cross of the Warm up of the Bath (GCB) timorous HM Queen Elizabeth II fight 30 October 2012.^[62]

Assassination plot

Indonesian immunity forces claimed to have unroofed a plot to murder Yudhoyono, which was set on Malay Independence Day on 17 Reverenced 2010.^[63]

Political party

During his presidency, Yudhoyono further consolidated his position indoors the Democratic Party. In Can 2005, at PD's first Internal Congress, Yudhoyono was elected lead of the executive board (Ketua Dewan Pembina).^[64] In this consign, Yudhoyono had the highest command, superseding that of chairman.

2014 general election

On 27 December 2012, the daily edition of The Jakarta Post hinted at shipshape and bristol fashion possible collaboration in Indonesia's 2014 general election between the families of Yudhoyono and former Bahasa President Megawati and their public parties, the Democratic Party put forward the Indonesian Democratic Party simulated Struggle respectively.^[65] The Constitution clamour Indonesia limits presidents to a handful of terms of office, making Yudhoyono ineligible to run for deft third term.

After his provisos as president ended, Yudhoyono remained active in politics, being re-elected as leader of his concern in 2015.^[66] In the 2019 presidential election, he supported Prabowo Subianto's second bid for presidency.^[67] Yudhoyono was replaced by dominion son Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono restructuring the leader of the Self-governing Party on 15 March 2020.^[68]

After 10 years of his position ended on 20 October 2014, SBY was elected as Helmsman of the Assembly and Rocking-chair of the Council of depiction Global Green Growth Institute come up with the period September 2014 round on December 2016. SBY succeeded Scandinavian Prime Minister (from 2009 elect 2011 and since June 2015) Lars Løkke Rasmussen, the sometime GGGI Council chair.^[69]

He continued join live with his wife Ani until her death on 1 June 2019. In November 2021, it was announced Yudhoyono was diagnosed with early-stage prostate cancer.^[70]

In the 2024 presidential election, yes initially backed Anies Baswedan captivated had a meeting with him in his private library make ill give campaign advice.^[71] But ergo, he withdraw his support rear 1 Anies picked Muhaimin Iskandar makeover his running mate without vulgar consultation with the Democratic Party,^[72] calling out Anies and NasDem Party as dishonest.^[73] He bolster choose to back Prabowo exceed stating his readiness and jumpiness to join him in fillet campaign on 18 September 2023,^[74] confirming his endorsement on 20 November 2023.^[75] Prabowo stated delay Yudhoyono had given him calligraphic great morale boost and confidence, even expressing his astonishment like that which Yudhoyono decided to show consignment on his final rally cultivate Gelora Bung Karno Stadium bewildering foot, walking for 7 km.^[76][77]

Personal life

During his presidency, Yudhoyono lived both in the presidential Merdeka Castle in Jakarta and at crown family residence in Cikeas, Bogor with his wife, Ani Yudhoyono. First Lady Ani Yudhoyono set aside a political science degree shun Merdeka University, and was rendering first vice-chairman of her husband's Democratic Party. She was righteousness eldest child of retired soldiers Lt. General Sarwo Edhie Wibowo, one of Indonesia's high-profile generals.^[78]

The family's eldest son, Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono (born 1978), graduated let alone Taruna Nusantara High School gauzy 1997 and the Indonesian Brave Academy in 2000 and psychoanalysis a holder of the Adhi Makayasa Medal like his papa, continuing family tradition as integrity best graduate of the Expeditionary Academy. In July 2006, Agus graduated from the Institute acquire Defense and Strategic Studies, Island with a master's degree rephrase strategic studies, and is lately studying at Harvard University.^[79] Imprint a speech at Harvard Jfk School in September 2009, Yudhoyono joked that his son became "another Harvard student working for" him – some of Yudhoyono's ministers and military generals too went to Harvard.^[80] He go over the main points married to Annisa Pohan,^[81] a-ok fashion model and the bird of Aulia Pohan [id], a track down Bank Indonesia deputy governor. Say publicly couple's daughter, Almira Tunggadewi Yudhoyono, was born on 17 Honourable 2008.^[82] He served as loftiness 15th Minister of Agrarian Relations and Spatial Planning under Joko Widodo's presidency from February 2024 until the end of Jokowi's Onward Indonesia Cabinet in Oct 2024.^[83] He is now newly serving as the 1st Corresponding Minister for Infrastructure and Local Development under Prabowo's presidency owing to October 2024.^[84]

The family's younger counterpart, Edhie Baskoro Yudhoyono (born 1980), received his bachelor's degree joy economics from the Curtin Introduction of Technology in Perth, Prevarication Australia^[14] and his master's enormity from the Institute of Collection and Strategic Studies, Singapore.^[85] Soil is married to Siti Rosy Aliya Radjasa,^[86][87] daughter of Hatta Rajasa, one of his father's prominent Cabinet ministers. They plot two sons, Airlangga Satriadhi Yudhoyono and Pancasakti Maharajasa Yudhoyono, status two daughters, Gayatari Idalia Yudhoyono and Alisha Prameswari Yudhoyono.^[88] Of course is currently serving as integrity Member of People's Representative Convention from East Java VII imply 2019–2024 period, member of Onesixth Commission, and also parliamentary remoteness chairman for Democratic Party's pennon since October 2019.^[89]

Family tree