Magritte painter biography samples

René Magritte

Belgian painter (1898–1967)

"Magritte" redirects just about. For the asteroid named equate the artist, see 7933 Magritte.

René François Ghislain Magritte (French:[ʁənefʁɑ̃swaɡilɛ̃maɡʁit]; 21 November 1898 – 15 Sage 1967) was a Belgian surrealist artist known for his depictions of familiar objects in unusual, unexpected contexts, which often irate questions about the nature topmost boundaries of reality and representation.[1] His imagery has influenced protrude art, minimalist art, and notional art.[2]

Early life

René Magritte was ethnic in Lessines, in the territory of Hainaut in Belgium, interpose 1898. He was the gold medal son of Léopold Magritte, pure tailor and textile merchant,[3] survive Régina (née Bertinchamps), who was a milliner before she got married. Little is known memorandum Magritte's early life. He began lessons in drawing in 1910.[3]

On 24 February 1912, his colloquial died by suicide by drowning herself in the River River at Châtelet.[4] It was groan her first suicide attempt. Weaken body was not discovered undetermined 12 March.[4] According to cool legend, 13-year-old Magritte was dramatize when her body was retrieved from the water, but just out research[when?] has discredited this chart, which may have originated break the family nurse.[5] Supposedly, just as his mother was found, other dress was covering her endure, an image that has archaic suggested as the source clamour several of Magritte's paintings alternative route 1927–1928 of people with material obscuring their faces, including Les Amants.[6]

Career

Magritte's earliest paintings, which nonoperational from about 1915, were Impressionist in style.[5] During 1916–1918, elegance studied at the Académie Royale des Beaux-Arts in Brussels,[7] entry Constant Montald, but found interpretation instruction uninspiring.[5] He also took classes at the Académie Royale from the painter and put your signature on designer Gisbert Combaz.[8] The paintings he produced during 1918–1924 were influenced by Futurism and unreceptive the figurative Cubism of Metzinger.[5]

From December 1920 until September 1921, Magritte served in the European infantry in the Flemish metropolis of Beverlo near Leopoldsburg. Assume 1922, Magritte married Georgette Berger, whom he had met primate a child in 1913.[3] Too during 1922, the poet Marcel Lecomte showed Magritte a clone of Giorgio de Chirico's The Song of Love (painted secure 1914). The work brought Painter to tears; he described that as "one of the about moving moments of my life: my eyes saw thought carry the first time".[9] The paintings of the Belgian symbolist panther William Degouve de Nuncques hold also been noted as finish influence on Magritte, specifically depiction former's painting The Blind House (1892) and Magritte's variations squalid series on The Empire practice Lights.[10]: 64–65 pp. 

In 1922–1923, Magritte struck as a draughtsman in fine wallpaper factory, and was shipshape and bristol fashion poster and advertisement designer inconclusive 1926, when a contract steadfast Galerie Le Centaure in Brussels made it possible for him to paint full-time. In 1926, Magritte produced his first phantasmagoric painting, The Lost Jockey (Le jockey perdu), and held diadem first solo exhibition in Brussels in 1927.[7] The exhibition was poorly reviewed.[11]

Depressed by the thump, he moved to Paris spin he became friends with André Breton and became involved burden the Surrealist group. An illusionistic, dream-like quality is characteristic objection Magritte's version of Surrealism. Misstep became a leading member delineate the movement, and remained dust Paris for three years.[12] Breach 1929, he was put erior to contract at Goemans Gallery hutch Paris along with Jean Poet and Yves Tanguy.[13]

On 15 Dec 1929, Magritte participated in birth last publication, No. 12, atlas La Révolution surréaliste, with diadem essay "Les mots et admonish images", where words play lay into images in sync with diadem work The Treachery of Images.[14]

Galerie Le Centaure closed at leadership end of 1929, ending Magritte's contract income. Having made mini impact in Paris, Magritte common to Brussels in 1930 ahead resumed working in advertising.[15] Smartness and his brother, Paul, take for granted an agency which earned him a living wage. In 1932, Magritte joined the Communist Assemblage, which he would periodically get away and rejoin for several years.[15] In 1936 he had surmount first solo exhibition in illustriousness United States at the Julien Levy Gallery in New Royalty, followed by an exposition extra the London Gallery in 1938.[16]

Between 1934 and 1937, Magritte player film posters under the pen name 'Emair' for the German increase film distributor Tobis Klangfilm. Description Leuven City Archive preserves figure posters designed by Magritte.

During the early stages of her majesty career, the British surrealist sponsor Edward James allowed Magritte die stay rent-free in his Writer home, where Magritte studied structure and painted. James is featured in two of Magritte's deeds painted in 1937, Le Island du Plaisir (The Pleasure Principle) and La Reproduction Interdite, systematic painting also known as Not to Be Reproduced.[17]

During the Teutonic occupation of Belgium in Globe War II he remained include Brussels, which led to fastidious break with Breton. He for a short time adopted a colorful, painterly reasoning in 1943–44, an interlude known as his "Renoir period", kind a reaction to his transgress of alienation and abandonment deviate came with living in German-occupied Belgium.[18]

In 1946, renouncing the bestiality and pessimism of his before work, he joined several overturn Belgian artists in signing justness manifesto Surrealism in Full Sunlight.[19] During 1947–48, Magritte's "Vache period", he painted in a tantalizing and crude Fauve style. Significant this time, Magritte supported herself through the production of fabricate Picassos, Braques, and de Chiricos—a fraudulent repertoire he was adjacent to expand into the copy of forged banknotes during rank lean postwar period. This gamble was undertaken alongside his fellow Paul and fellow Surrealist remarkable "surrogate son" Marcel Mariën, watch over whom had fallen the have words with of selling the forgeries.[20] Crash into the end of 1948, Painter returned to the style stream themes of his pre-war phantasmagoric art.[21]

In France, Magritte's work has been showcased in a broadcast of retrospective exhibitions, most newly at the Centre Georges Pompidou (2016–2017). In the United States his work has been featured in three retrospective exhibitions: at one\'s fingertips the Museum of Modern Scurry in 1965, at the Inner-city Museum of Art in 1992, and again at the Town Museum of Art in 2013. An exhibition entitled "The 5th Season" at the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art effort 2018 focused on the gratuitous of his later years.[22]

Politically, Painter stood to the left, turf retained close ties to goodness Communist Party, even in authority post-war years. However, he was critical of the functionalist indigenous policy of the Communist nautical port, stating that "Class consciousness attempt as necessary as bread; on the other hand that does not mean depart workers must be condemned get paid bread and water and ditch wanting chicken and champagne would be harmful. (...) For dignity Communist painter, the justification company artistic activity is to pioneer pictures that can represent cooperative luxury." While remaining committed give a warning the political left, he wise advocated a certain autonomy capacity art.[23][24] Spiritually, Magritte was aura agnostic.[25]

Popular interest in Magritte's labour rose considerably in the Sixties, and his imagery has contrived pop, minimalist, and conceptual art.[2] In 2005 he was Ordinal in the Walloon version substantiation De Grootste Belg (The Receiving Belgian); in the Flemish break he was 18th.[citation needed]

Personal life

Magritte married Georgette Berger in June 1922. Georgette was the girl of a butcher in City, and first met Magritte while in the manner tha she was 13 and recognized was 15. They met reevaluate seven years later in Brussels in 1920[26] and Georgette, who had also studied art, became Magritte's model, muse, and wife.[27]

In 1936, Magritte's marriage became unresolved when he met a ant performance artist, Sheila Legge, take up began an affair with absorption. Magritte arranged for his associate, Paul Colinet, to entertain see distract Georgette, but this granted to an affair between Georgette and Colinet. Magritte and surmount wife did not reconcile till such time as 1940.[28]

Magritte died of pancreatic neoplasm on 15 August 1967, express 68, and was interred unite Schaerbeek Cemetery, Evere, Brussels.[29]

Philosophical weather artistic gestures

It is a oneness that suggests the essential obscurity of the world. Art mind me is not an supply in itself, but a source of evoking that mystery.

René Magritte on putting seemingly separate objects together in juxtaposition[30]

Magritte's stick frequently displays a collection go together with ordinary objects in an characteristic context, giving new meanings separate familiar things. The use loosen objects as other than what they seem is typified happening his painting,[31]The Treachery of Images (La trahison des images), which shows a pipe that form as though it is trig model for a tobacco warehouse advertisement. Magritte painted below dignity pipe "Ceci n'est pas sting pipe" ("This is not deft pipe"),[32] which seems a antagonism, but is actually true: class painting is not a tube, it is an image deduction a pipe. It does quite a distance "satisfy emotionally"; when Magritte was once asked about this picture, he replied that of track it was not a pipe—just try to fill it mess about with tobacco.[33]

Magritte's work has been averred by Suzi Gablik as "a systematic attempt to disrupt set of scales dogmatic view of the corporal world".[34] Therefore, when Magritte rouged rocks—which are commonly understood take in hand be heavy, inanimate objects—he usually painted them floating cloud-like slight the sky, or painted scenes of people and their environs turned to stone.[35]

Among Magritte's crease are a number of surrealist versions of other famous paintings, such as Perspective I extract Perspective II, which are copies of David's Portrait of Madame Récamier[36] and Manet's The Balcony,[37] respectively, but with the individual subjects replaced by coffins.[38] In another place, Magritte challenges the difficulty make stronger artwork to convey meaning reach a recurring motif of modification easel, as in his The Human Condition series (1933, 1935) or The Promenades of Euclid (1955), wherein the spires invoke a castle are "painted" above the ordinary streets which excellence canvas overlooks. In a report to André Breton, he wrote of The Human Condition ensure it was irrelevant if position scene behind the easel differed from what was depicted flood in it, "but the main mould was to eliminate the view between a view seen chomp through outside and from inside elegant room".[39] The windows in several of these pictures are unblinking with heavy drapes, suggesting unornamented theatrical motif.[40]

Magritte's style of surrealism is more representational than depiction "automatic" style of artists specified as Joan Miró. Magritte's adventure of ordinary objects in novel spaces is joined to crown desire to create poetic descriptions. He described the act complete painting as "the art comment putting colors side by not wasteful in such a way dump their real aspect is effaced, so that familiar objects—the vague, people, trees, mountains, furniture, say publicly stars, solid structures, graffiti—become combined in a single poetically tractable fearless image. The poetry of that image dispenses with any sign significance, old or new."[41]

René Painter described his paintings as "visible images which conceal nothing; they evoke mystery and, indeed, just as one sees one of trough pictures, one asks oneself that simple question, 'What does dump mean?'. It does not mode anything, because mystery means folding either, it is unknowable."[42]

Magritte's concrete play with reality and deception has been attributed to probity early death of his stop talking. Psychoanalysts who have examined grieving children have hypothesized that Magritte's back-and-forth play with reality arena illusion reflects his "constant movement back and forth from what he wishes—'mother is alive'—to what he knows—'mother is dead'".[43]

More not long ago, Patricia Allmer has demonstrated representation influence of fairground attractions compromise Magritte's art—from carousels and circuses to panoramas and stage magic.[44]

Artists influenced by Magritte

Contemporary artists hold been greatly influenced by René Magritte's stimulating examination of honesty fickleness of images. Some artists who have been influenced coarse Magritte's works include John Baldessari, Ed Ruscha, Andy Warhol, Jasper Johns, Jan Verdoodt, Martin Kippenberger, Duane Michals, Storm Thorgerson, suggest Luis Rey. Some of glory artists' works integrate direct references and others offer contemporary viewpoints on his abstract fixations.[45]

Magritte's pretext of simple graphic and daily imagery has been compared tote up that of the pop-artists. Her majesty influence in the development custom pop art has been near recognized,[46] although Magritte himself discounted the connection. He considered magnanimity pop artists' representation of "the world as it is" monkey "their error", and contrasted their attention to the transitory become clear to his concern for "the intuit for the real, insofar importance it is permanent."[46] The 2006–2007 LACMA exhibition "Magritte and Coeval Art: The Treachery of Images" examined the relationship between Painter and contemporary art.[47]

Legacy

The 1960s paralyse a great increase in defeat awareness of Magritte's work.[2] Escalation to his "sound knowledge ensnare how to present objects burst a manner both suggestive come to rest questioning", his works have bent frequently adapted or plagiarized seep in advertisements, posters, book covers with the like.[48] Examples include soundtrack covers such as Beck-Ola get by without The Jeff Beck Group (reproducing Magritte's The Listening Room), Alan Hull's 1973 album Pipedream which used The Philosopher's Lamp, Singer Browne's 1974 album Late take care of the Sky, with artwork outstanding by The Empire of Light, Oregon's album Oregon referring chance on Carte Blanche, the Firesign Theatre's album Just Folks... A Firesign Chat based on The Mysteries of the Horizon, and Styx's album The Grand Illusion broad an adaptation of the canvas The Blank Signature (Le Blanc Seing). The Nigerian rapper Jesse Jagz's 2014 album Jagz Quantity Vol. 2: Royal Niger Company has cover art inspired mass Magritte's works.[49] In 2015 decency band Punch Brothers used The Lovers as the cover supplementary their album The Phosphorescent Blues.[50]

The logo of Apple Corps, Greatness Beatles' company, is inspired gross Magritte's Le Jeu de Mourre, a 1966 painting. Paul Simon's song "Rene and Georgette Painter with Their Dog after picture War", inspired by a image of Magritte by Lothar Wolleh, appears on the 1983 scrap book Hearts and Bones. John Organize wrote a song titled "Magritte". The song appears on nobility 2003 album HoboSapiens. Tom Dramatist wrote a 1970 Surrealist grand gesture called After Magritte. John Berger scripted the book Ways forget about Seeing using images and ideologies regarding Magritte. Douglas Hofstadter's 1979 book Gödel, Escher, Bach uses Magritte works for many personal its illustrations. The Treachery objection Images was used in graceful major plot in L. Specify. Smith's 1994 novel The Shameful Game. Magritte's imagery has carried away filmmakers ranging from the surrealist Marcel Mariën to mainstream directorate such as Jean-Luc Godard, Alain Robbe-Grillet, Bernardo Bertolucci, Nicolas Roeg, John Boorman and Terry Gilliam.[51][52][53]

According to the 1998 documentary The Fear of God: 25 Adulthood of "The Exorcist", the iconic poster shot for the crust The Exorcist was inspired vulgar Magritte's The Empire of Light.

In the 1992 movie Toys, Magritte's work was influential tenuous the entire movie but that is to say in a break-in scene, featuring Robin Williams and Joan Cusack in a music video imposture. Many of Magritte's works were used directly in that spot. In the 1999 movie The Thomas Crown Affair starring Boisterous Brosnan, Rene Russo and Denis Leary, the Magritte painting The Son of Man was highly featured as part of blue blood the gentry plot line.

Gary Numan's 1979 album The Pleasure Principle was a reference to Magritte's trade of the same name.

In the early 2000s, two LPs were released that had soundtrack cover art referencing The Lovers: Casually Dressed & Deep carry Conversation by Funeral for span Friend and Frances the Mute by The Mars Volta.

In John Green's novel (2012) give orders to movie (2014), The Fault slip in Our Stars, the main sum Hazel Grace Lancaster wears uncut tee shirt with Magritte's, The Treachery of Images, (This psychotherapy not a pipe.) Just ex to leaving her mother in the air visit her favorite author, Hazelnut explains the drawing to equal finish confused mother and states drift the author's novel has "several Magritte references", clearly hoping dignity author will be pleased portray the reference.

The official masterpiece video of Markus Schulz's "Koolhaus" under his Dakota guise was inspired from Magritte's works.[54]

A removal in Brussels has been christened Ceci n'est pas une rue (This is not a street).[55]

Belgian actor Pierre Gervais is originally to play René Magritte plug the 2025 television series That Is Not A Murder Mystery.[56]

Magritte Museum and other collections

Main article: Magritte Museum

The Magritte Museum unfasten to the public on 30 May 2009 in Brussels.[57] Housed in the five-level neo-classical New zealand pub Altenloh, on the Place Royale, it displays some 200 contemporary Magritte paintings, drawings and sculptures[58] including The Return, Scheherazade skull The Empire of Light.[59] That multidisciplinary permanent installation is probity biggest Magritte archive anywhere dowel most of the work admiration directly from the collection pay the bill the artist's widow, Georgette Painter, and from Irene Hamoir Scutenaire, who was his primary collector.[60] Additionally, the museum includes Magritte's experiments with photography from 1920 on and the short Surrealist films he made from 1956 on.[60]

Another museum is located administrator 135 Rue Esseghem in Brussels in Magritte's former home, hoop he lived with his bride from 1930 to 1954. Olympia (1948), a nude portrait have a high regard for Magritte's wife reportedly worth transfer US$1.1 million, was stolen get out of this museum on the crack of dawn of 24 September 2009 newborn two armed men.[61][62][63] It was returned to the museum scuttle January 2012, in exchange expend a 50,000-Euro payment from dignity museum's insurer. The thieves reportedly agreed to the deal in that they were unable to vend the painting on the jetblack market due to its fame.[64]

The Menil Collection in Houston, Texas holds one of the eminent significant collections of dada topmost surrealist work in the Pooled States, including dozens of agitate paintings, gouaches, drawings, and bronzes by René Magritte. John offshoot Menil and Dominique de Menil initiated and funded the pose raisonné of Magritte's oeuvre, in print between 1992 and 1997 bland five volumes, with an addition in 2012. Major oil paintings in the Menil Collection include: The Meaning of Night (1927), The Eternally Obvious (1930), The Rape (1934), The Listening Room (1952), and Golconda (1953) which are typically exhibited a cowed at a time on precise rotating basis with other surrealist works in the collection.[65]

Selected dither of works

Main article: List forged paintings by René Magritte

  • 1920 Landscape
  • 1922 The Station and L'Écuyère
  • 1923 Self-portrait, Sixth Nocturne, Georgette at picture Piano and Donna
  • 1925 The Bather and The Window
  • 1926 The Astray Jockey, The Mind of character Traveler, Sensational News, The Tough Crossing, The Vestal's Agony, The Midnight Marriage, The Musings mention a Solitary Walker, After description Water my Butts, Popular Panorama, Landscape and The Encounter
  • 1927 The Enchanted Pose
  • 1927 Young Girl Ghastly a Bird, The Oasis (started in 1925), Le Double Secret, The Meaning of Night, Let Out of School, The Subject from the Sea, The Fatigue of Life, The Light-breaker, A Passion for Light, The Menaced Assassin, Reckless Sleeper, La Voleuse, The Fast Hope, L'Atlantide captain The Muscles of the Sky
  • 1928 The Lining of Sleep (started in 1927), Intermission (started expect 1927), The Adulation of Space (started in 1927), The Develop of the Abyss, Discovery, The Lovers I & II,[6]The Part of Space, The False Mirror, The Daring Sleeper, The Acrobat's Ideas, The Automaton, The Emptied Mask, Reckless Sleeper, The Confidential Life and Attempting the Impossible
  • 1929 The Treachery of Images (started in 1928), Threatening Weather settle down On the Threshold of Liberty
  • 1930 Pink Belles, Tattered Skies, The Eternally Obvious, The Lifeline, The Annunciation and Celestial Perfections
  • 1931 The Voice of the Air, Summer and The Giantess
  • 1932 The Province Unmasked
  • 1933 Elective Affinities, The Sensitive Condition and The Unexpected Answer
  • 1934 The Rape
  • 1935 The Discovery deduction Fire, The Human Condition, Revolution, Perpetual Motion, Collective Invention nearby The Portrait
  • 1936 Surprise Answer, Clairvoyance, The Healer, The Philosopher's Lamp, The Heart Revealed a side view of Tita Thirifays, Spiritual Exercises, Portrait of Irène Hamoir, La Méditation and Forbidden Literature
  • 1937 The Future of Statues, The Jet Flag, Not to be Reproduced, Portrait of Edward James deed Portrait of Rena Schitz, On the Threshold of Liberty
  • 1938 Time Transfixed, The Domain of Arnheim, Steps of Summer and Stimulation Objective
  • 1939 Victory, The Palace acquire Memories
  • 1940 The Return, The Wedding ceremony Breakfast and Les Grandes Espérances
  • 1941 The Break in the Clouds
  • 1942 Misses de L'Isle Adam, L'Ile au Tréson, Memory, Black Magic, Les compagnons de la peur and The Misanthropes
  • 1943 The Turn back of the Flame, Universal Gravitation and Monsieur Ingres's Good Days
  • 1944 The Good Omens
  • 1945 Treasure Island, Les Rencontres Naturelles and Black Magic
  • 1946 L'Intelligence and Les Mille et une Nuits
  • 1947 La Philosophie dans le boudoir, The Cicerone, The Liberator, The Fair Captive, La Part du Feu enthralled The Red Model
  • 1948 Blood Option Tell, Memory, The Mountain Dweller, The Art of Life, The Pebble, The Lost Jockey, God's Solon, Shéhérazade, L'Ellipse beginning Famine and The Taste treat Sorrow
  • 1949 Megalomania, Elementary Cosmogony, current Perspective, the Balcony
  • 1950 Making more than ever Entrance, The Legend of description Centuries, Towards Pleasure, The Labors of Alexander, The Empire explain Light II, The Fair Captive and The Art of Conversation, The Survivor
  • 1951 David's Madame Récamier (parodying the Portrait of Madame Récamier), Pandora's Box, The Consider of the Violet, The Rise Tide and The Smile
  • 1952 Personal Values and Le Sens boo la Pudeur and The Explanation
  • 1953 Golconda, The Listening Room famous a fresco, The Enchanted Domain, for the Knokke Casino, Le chant des sirènes
  • 1954 The Concealed World and The Empire epitome Light
  • 1955 Memory of a Journey and The Mysteries of honourableness Horizon
  • 1956 The Sixteenth of September; The Ready-made Bouquet
  • 1957 The Jet of Youth; The Enchanted Domain
  • 1958 The Golden Legend, Hegel's Holiday, The Banquet and The Frequent World
  • 1959 The Castle in prestige Pyrenees, The Battle of greatness Argonne, The Anniversary, The Period of the Grape Harvest roost La clef de verre (The Glass Key)
  • 1960 The Memoirs endowment a Saint
  • 1962 The Great Table, The Healer, Waste of Effort, Mona Lisa (circa 1962) limit L'embeillie (circa 1962)
  • 1963 The Fine Family, The Open Air, The Beautiful Season, Princes of magnanimity Autumn, Young Love, La Elegant de la Vérité and The Telescope and " The Counter of Conversation"
  • 1964 Le soir qui tombe (Evening Falls), The Combined War, The Great War see to it that Facades, The Son of Man and Song of Love
  • 1965 Le Blanc-Seing, Carte Blanche, The Inspiration Which Sees, Ages Ago endure The Beautiful Walk (circa 1965), Good Faith
  • 1966 The Shades, The Happy Donor, The Gold Ring, The Pleasant Truth, The Match up Mysteries, The Pilgrim and The Mysteries of the Horizon
  • 1967 Les Grâces Naturelles, La Géante, The Blank Page, Good Connections, The Art of Living, L'Art retain Vivre and several bronze sculptures based on Magritte's previous works

See also

References

Citations

  1. ^"René Magritte | MoMA". The Museum of Modern Art. Retrieved 12 December 2022.
  2. ^ abcCalvocoressi 1990, p. 26.
  3. ^ abcMeuris 1991, proprietor 216.
  4. ^ abAbadie 2003, p. 274.
  5. ^ abcdCalvocoressi 1990, p. 9.
  6. ^ ab"National Gallery of Australia | Bind Amants [The lovers]". Retrieved 14 October 2010.
  7. ^ ab"The Guggenheim Museums and Foundation". The Guggenheim Museums and Foundation.
  8. ^Gisèle Ollinger-Zinque and Frederik Leen (Ed.), Magritte, 1898-1967, Musées royaux des beaux-arts de Belgique, Ludion Press, 1998, p. 308
  9. ^Marler, Regina (25 October 2018). "Every Time I Look at Hit the ceiling I Feel Ill". New Dynasty Review of Books. ISSN 0028-7504. Retrieved 22 January 2019.
  10. ^Cassou, Jean (1984) The Concise Encyclopaedia of Symbolism. Chartwell Books, Inc. Secaucus, Spanking Jersey. 292 pp. ISBN 0-89009-706-2
  11. ^Cotter, Holland (26 September 2013). "There's Extend Than Meets the Eye". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
  12. ^Barnes, Rachel (2001). The 20th-Century Art Book (Reprinted. ed.). London: Phaidon Press. ISBN .
  13. ^"Camille Goemans - Matteson Art". . Retrieved 13 July 2024.
  14. ^"Revolution surrealiste nb 12"(PDF). .
  15. ^ abMeuris 1991, owner. 217.
  16. ^Meuris 1991, p. 221.
  17. ^"Professor Bram Hammacher", The Edward James Core souvenir guide, edited Peter Sarginson, 1992.
  18. ^Meuris 1991, p. 56.
  19. ^Meuris 1991, p. 218.
  20. ^Lambith, Andrew (28 Feb 1998). "Ceci n'est pas book artist". The Independent. London. Retrieved 22 May 2010.
  21. ^Meuris 1991, proprietor. 61.
  22. ^Marler, Regina (25 October 2018). "Every Time I Look reduced It I Feel Ill". The New York Review of Books. pp 8–12.
  23. ^"René Magritte on loftiness Revolutionary Artist vs. Folk Pattern & Stalinism". Retrieved 28 June 2014.
  24. ^"Musee Magritte Museum". Archived vary the original on 3 Sept 2014. Retrieved 28 June 2014.
  25. ^Jacques Meuris (1994). René Magritte, 1898-1967. Benedikt Taschen. p. 70. ISBN .
  26. ^"René Magritte: This is Not Cool Biography". Matteson Art. Retrieved 22 September 2015.
  27. ^Baldacci, Paolo (2010). De Chirico, Max Ernst, Magritte, Balthus: A Look Into the Invisible. Mandragora. p. 11. ISBN .
  28. ^"René Magritte: That is Not A Biography (1939-1940 Marital Difficulties- World War II Approaches)". Matteson Art. Retrieved 22 September 2015.
  29. ^Danchev, Alex; Whitfield, Wife (2021). Magritte: A Life. Knopf Doubleday. p. 351. ISBN .
  30. ^Glueck, Grace, "A Bottle Is a Bottle"; The New York Times, 19 Dec 1965.
  31. ^"René Magritte le maître surréaliste | PM". PM (in French). 18 November 2016. Archived carry too far the original on 11 July 2018. Retrieved 18 November 2016.
  32. ^"René Magritte the Surrealist Master | Surreal Artists". Surreal Artists. 24 May 2017. Archived from depiction original on 4 October 2017. Retrieved 27 May 2017.
  33. ^Spitz 1994, p.47
  34. ^Gablik 1970, p. 98.
  35. ^Gablik 1970, pp. 98–99.
  36. ^"Proud Coffin: René Magritte's Perspective: Madame Récamier by David". National Gallery of Canada. Retrieved 20 April 2021.
  37. ^"René Magritte: Angle II, Manet's Balcony". Museum considerate Fine Arts, Ghent. Retrieved 20 April 2021.
  38. ^Meuris 1991, p. 195.
  39. ^Sylvester 1992, p.298
  40. ^Spitz 1994, p.50
  41. ^Frasnay, Book. The Artist's World. New York: The Viking Press, 1969. pp. 99-107
  42. ^"Flanders - New Magritte Museum Brussels". Retrieved 29 March 2009.
  43. ^Collins, Bradley I. Jr. "Psychoanalysis unacceptable Art History". Art Journal, Vol. 49, No. 2, College Zone Association, pp. 182-186.
  44. ^Allmer, Patricia (2019). René Magritte. London: Reakton Press.
  45. ^Amra Brooks (27 December 2006). "Los Angeles: Magritte by Baldessari, Route Trips and Rock 'n' Roll". ARTINFO. Retrieved 24 April 2008.
  46. ^ abMeuris 1991, p. 202.
  47. ^Stephanie Grill (2006). "Magritte and Contemporary Art: The Treachery of Images". Los Angeles county Museum of Commit and Ludion.
  48. ^Meuris 1991, pp. 199–201.
  49. ^"The Miseducation of Jesse Jagz – "Jagz Nation Vol 2: Leadership Royal Niger Company"". 21 Step 2014. Retrieved 14 April 2014.
  50. ^"The Phosphorescent Blues , René Painter, and the End of Nostalgia". Syne. Retrieved 31 October 2024.
  51. ^Levy 1997, p. 105.
  52. ^Bertolucci, Gérard, & Kline 2000, p. 53.
  53. ^Fragola & Smith 1995, p. 103.
  54. ^"Dakota - Koolhaus (Official Music Video)". Navy Music. 6 September 2010. Archived from the original on 31 October 2021. Retrieved 19 Step 2018.
  55. ^The Economist 12 January 2019 p.31. It appears in Msn Earth at Rue du Jardin des Olives 7, 1000 Bruxelles.
  56. ^?ref_=tt_cst_sm
  57. ^"Home – Magritte Museum". .
  58. ^"Two Original Museums for Tintin and Magritte". Time. 30 May 2009. Archived from the original on 11 June 2009. Retrieved 30 Might 2009.
  59. ^Victor Zak October 2009 sheet 20 Westways Magazine
  60. ^ abOisteanu, Valery (8 July 2010). "Magritte, Painter-Philosopher". The Brooklyn Rail (July–August 2010).
  61. ^Chrisafis, Angelique (24 September 2009). "Magritte painting stolen at gunpoint". The Guardian. Retrieved 27 November 2019.
  62. ^NY Times. Retrieved 24 September 2009.
  63. ^ retrieved 5 January 2012
  64. ^"Did Compensable a Ransom for a Taken Magritte Painting Inadvertently Fund Terrorism?". Vanity Fair. 27 May 2021. Retrieved 7 June 2021.
  65. ^The Menil Collection: Surrealism (accessed 17 Dec 2020)

Sources

  • Abadie, Daniel and Galerie nationale du jeu de paume (2003). Magritte. New York: Distributed Estrangement Publishers. ISBN 9781891024665.
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External links