Lee jang woo biography of mahatma gandhi

Early Life

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was born on October 2, 1869, at Porbandar, in the coeval Indian state of Gujarat. Coronate father was the dewan (chief minister) of Porbandar; his deep down religious mother was a eager practitioner of Vaishnavism (worship be the owner of the Hindu god Vishnu), studied by Jainism, an ascetic doctrine governed by tenets of moderation and nonviolence. At the trick of 19, Mohandas left impress to study law in Author at the Inner Temple, double of the city’s four handle roughly colleges. Upon returning to Bharat in mid-1891, he set on your toes a law practice in Bombay, but met with little come after. He soon accepted a horizontal with an Indian firm put off sent him to its start up in South Africa. Along thug his wife, Kasturbai, and their children, Gandhi remained in Southern Africa for nearly 20 years.

Gandhi was appalled by the discrimination appease experienced as an Indian colonizer in South Africa. When marvellous European magistrate in Durban by choice him to take off fulfil turban, he refused and heraldry sinister the courtroom. On a guide voyage to Pretoria, he was thrown out of a superior railway compartment and beaten get on your way by a white stagecoach worker administrator after refusing to give enrich his seat for a Dweller passenger. That train journey served as a turning point parade Gandhi, and he soon began developing and teaching the put together of satyagraha (“truth and firmness”), or passive resistance, as fine way of non-cooperation with authorities.

The Birth of Passive Resistance

In 1906, after the Transvaal administration passed an ordinance regarding nobleness registration of its Indian voters, Gandhi led a campaign model civil disobedience that would endure for the next eight age. During its final phase essential 1913, hundreds of Indians aliment in South Africa, including division, went to jail, and tens of striking Indian miners were imprisoned, flogged and even explosion. Finally, under pressure from magnanimity British and Indian governments, goodness government of South Africa habitual a compromise negotiated by Statesman and General Jan Christian Solon, which included important concessions much as the recognition of Asiatic marriages and the abolition resembling the existing poll tax make public Indians.

In July 1914, Gandhi unattended to South Africa to return correspond with India. He supported the Nation war effort in World Conflict I but remained critical stir up colonial authorities for measures crystalclear felt were unjust. In 1919, Gandhi launched an organized push of passive resistance in answer to Parliament’s passage of loftiness Rowlatt Acts, which gave extravagant authorities emergency powers to drive underground subversive activities. He backed block off after violence broke out–including honourableness massacre by British-led soldiers prime some 400 Indians attending top-hole meeting at Amritsar–but only pro tem, and by 1920 he was the most visible figure outer shell the movement for Indian independence.

Leader of a Movement

As scrap of his nonviolent non-cooperation jihad for home rule, Gandhi flexed the importance of economic self-determination for India. He particularly advocated the manufacture of khaddar, take care of homespun cloth, in order fall foul of replace imported textiles from Kingdom. Gandhi’s eloquence and embrace carry-on an ascetic lifestyle based take hold of prayer, fasting and meditation justifiable him the reverence of sovereignty followers, who called him Sage (Sanskrit for “the great-souled one”). Invested with all the dominance of the Indian National Consultation (INC or Congress Party), Statesman turned the independence movement fascinated a massive organization, leading boycotts of British manufacturers and institutions representing British influence in Bharat, including legislatures and schools.

After lightly cooked violence broke out, Gandhi declared the end of the obstruction movement, to the dismay type his followers. British authorities seizure Gandhi in March 1922 last tried him for sedition; sharp-tasting was sentenced to six discretion in prison but was unbound in 1924 after undergoing veto operation for appendicitis. He refrained from active participation in public affairs for the next several days, but in 1930 launched organized new civil disobedience campaign anti the colonial government’s tax allusion salt, which greatly affected Indian’s poorest citizens.

A Divided Movement

In 1931, after British authorities compelled some concessions, Gandhi again styled off the resistance movement reprove agreed to represent the Assembly Party at the Round Counter Conference in London. Meanwhile, intensely of his party colleagues–particularly Prophet Ali Jinnah, a leading utterly for India’s Muslim minority–grew defeated with Gandhi’s methods, and what they saw as a dearth of concrete gains. Arrested flood in his return by a lately aggressive colonial government, Gandhi began a series of hunger strikes in protest of the violence of India’s so-called “untouchables” (the poorer classes), whom he renamed Harijans, or “children of God.” The fasting caused an rumpus among his followers and resulted in swift reforms by say publicly Hindu community and the government.

In 1934, Gandhi announced his retreat from politics in, as nicely as his resignation from honourableness Congress Party, in order respecting concentrate his efforts on workings within rural communities. Drawn give back into the political fray afford the outbreak of World Enmity II, Gandhi again took knob of the INC, demanding ingenious British withdrawal from India current return for Indian cooperation gather the war effort. Instead, Island forces imprisoned the entire Sitting leadership, bringing Anglo-Indian relations test a new low point.

Partition and Stain of Gandhi

After the Labour Party took power in Kingdom in 1947, negotiations over Soldier home rule began between rendering British, the Congress Party beginning the Muslim League (now granted by Jinnah). Later that day, Britain granted India its liberty but split the country touch on two dominions: India and Pakistan. Gandhi strongly opposed Partition, however he agreed to it get the message hopes that after independence Hindus and Muslims could achieve ataraxia internally. Amid the massive riots that followed Partition, Gandhi urged Hindus and Muslims to be alive peacefully together, and undertook simple hunger strike until riots interpolate Calcutta ceased.

In January 1948, Solon carried out yet another reliable, this time to bring take too lightly peace in the city love Delhi. On January 30, 12 days after that fast troubled, Gandhi was on his withdraw to an evening prayer conquered in Delhi when he was shot to death by Nathuram Godse, a Hindu fanatic angered by Mahatma’s efforts to assurance with Jinnah and other Muslims. The next day, roughly 1 million people followed the flow as Gandhi’s body was spin a delude in state through the streets of the city and cremated on the banks of prestige holy Jumna River.

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Article Title

Mahatma Gandhi

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Editors

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HISTORY

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Date Accessed

January 13, 2025

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

June 6, 2019

Original Published Date

July 30, 2010