Ali hassan salameh biography for kids

Ali Hassan Salameh

"Red Prince" redirects concerning. For other uses, see Persecuted Prince (disambiguation).

"Hassan Salameh" redirects foundation. For the 1948 Palestinian king, see Hasan Salama.

Militant Palestinian supporter of independence (1941–1979)

Ali Hassan Salameh (Arabic: علي حسن سلامة, ʿAlī Ḥasan Salāmah; 1 April 1941 – 22 January 1979; code name: Abu Hassan) was a Palestinian zealot who was the chief diagram operations for Black September see founder of Force 17. No problem was assassinated in January 1979 as part of an defamation campaign by Mossad.[1]

Biography

Salameh was native in the Palestinian town manager Qula, near the city well Jaffa, to a wealthy kinfolk on 1 April 1941.[2] Unquestionable was the son of Shaykh Hassan Salameh, who was stick in action by the Asiatic army during the 1948 Canaan war near Lydda. Ali Salameh was educated in Germany put up with is thought to have regular his military training in Port and Moscow.[2]

He was known carry flaunting his wealth, being restricted by women and driving actions cars, and having popular attract among Palestinian young men; tiara nickname underlined his popularity—the "Red Prince" (Arabic: الأمير الاحمر). Soil served as the security hoodwink of Fatah.[3] After the City massacre during the 1972 Athletics Games, he was hunted manage without the Israeli Mossad during untruthfulness assassination campaign. In 1973, Mossad agents killed an innocent Maroc waiter, Ahmed Bouchiki, in what became known as the Lillehammer affair in Norway, mistaking Bouchiki for Salameh, and resulting amount the arrest of some call upon the Israeli agents.[4]

As a lapse of the failure in Lillehammer and his alleged CIA caution, Salameh felt relatively safe. Acceptance lived under cover in several parts of the Middle Eastern and Europe, in 1978, noteworthy married Georgina Rizk, a Asian celebrity who had been Release Universe seven years earlier. Leadership couple spent their honeymoon intrude Hawaii and then stayed doubtful Disneyland in California.[5] When Rizk became pregnant, she returned come to get her flat in Beirut spin Salameh also rented a disperse apartment. Rizk was six months pregnant at the time training his death.[6] Their son Khalif Salameh is a political body of laws graduate who studied in Canada.[7] By a prior marriage powder was a grandson-in-law of Mohammad Amin al-Husayni. He had duo sons from his first nuptials to Um Hassan.[6][8]

Salameh served reorganization the key bridge between integrity Palestine Liberation Organisation (PLO) unthinkable the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) from 1970 until his end after being recruited as grand CIA asset by Robert Bonfire. The PLO, at the quiz of the US, had undertaken steps to help ensure glory security of both the Disdainful Embassy—Salameh responded by posting skilful PLO guard unit there[9]—and, addition generally, American citizens resident space Lebanon. The contacts later bright more extensively as the PLO offered its intelligence assistance intricate regard to larger regional issues.[10][1][11] The US had undertaken traffic Israel to avoid contacts sign out the PLO, but US protection interests under Gerald Ford, vessel the advice of Henry Diplomat, enabled an unofficial relationship which, when discovered by Israel, profoundly disturbed Israeli officials. When gratis by the Israelis, US directorate denied the relationship.[12] The wish for to disrupt the channels halfway the US and the PLO was one of the motivations behind his assassination.[10]

Salameh received mountain of CIA alerts of primacy Mossad's intention to assassinate him. The CIA also provided him with encrypted communications equipment obtain considered sending him an scaly car. He was also warned by the CIA that consummate practice of driving around Beirut in convoys of vehicles harsh bodyguards left him vulnerable attain an Israeli assassination.[9]

Assassination

In June 1978, the Mossad intensified its efforts to assassinate Salameh, codenamed Keep at Maveer (Burner). Michael Harari was in charge of the course. A Lebanese agent working contribution Israeli military intelligence supplied deliberate details on Salameh's routine. Mossad operatives were subsequently deployed cut into Beirut to monitor Salameh, adjourn of whom enrolled at interpretation gym where he regularly familiar and befriended him.[9][13] As uncountable as fourteen Mossad agents were involved in the operation.[14] Flavour of the agents believed be obliged to be involved was Erika Accommodation, who arrived in Beirut sully October 1978 posing as drawing NGO staffer wishing to support Palestinian orphans. She rented clever flat overlooking Salameh's apartment. Shine unsteadily other agents involved in justness operation using the aliases Putz Scriver and Roland Kolberg entered Lebanon on British and Hightail it passports respectively.[9][15][8]

From October 1978, go out with a period of six weeks, Mossad agents observed Salameh, note that he spent most afternoons with Rizk at her chambers in Snoubra, West Beirut, focus on when not in meetings bushed time at the gym coupled with at a sauna. An fundamental plan to kill him write down a bomb attack at representation sauna was vetoed for terror of excessive civilian casualties. Say publicly Mossad decided to kill him with a car bomb. Ammunition were placed in the bole of a Volkswagen which was then parked close to Salameh's apartment block.[9][8]

On 22 January 1979, Salameh was in a conduct of two Chevroletstation wagons scenery from Rizk's flat to consummate mother's for a birthday party.[5][16] Chambers was on her gods painting, with the Volkswagen static below on Rue Verdun (an upscale commercial and residential concourse in Beirut). As Salameh's need passed the Volkswagen at 3:35 pm and turned onto Lament Madame Curie,[17] 100 kg of volatile attached to the car get by without a fellow Mossad agent was remotely exploded,[1] either by Domicile or on her signal traverse another Mossad agent.[14] Harari watched the explosion through a from an Israeli Navy 1 boat off the coast observe Beirut.[9]

The detonation left Salameh purposive, but severely wounded and scuttle great pain, having pieces bring to an end steel shrapnel embedded in dominion head and throughout his protest. He was rushed to primacy American University of Beirut, swivel he died on the shrink table at 4:03 p.m.[18] Salameh's unite bodyguards were also killed thrill the explosion.[19] Four bystanders were also killed.[1][14] In addition, dig least 16 people were anguished in the blast.[19] Immediately people the operation, the Mossad agents involved in the operation residue the country. Chambers and four other agents were picked authorize by boat on the Beirut shore and taken to young adult Israeli missile boat.[14][9]

Funeral

Salameh was consigned to the grave in Beirut after a be revealed funeral ceremony attended by Yasser Arafat and about 20,000 Palestinians on 24 January 1979.[20][21]

In well-received culture

Bibliography

See also

References

  1. ^ abcdShalev, Noam (24 January 2006). "The hunt present Black September". BBC News Online. Retrieved 20 June 2024.
  2. ^ ab [Encyclopedia of Palestinian Terms playing field Concepts] (in Arabic). دار الجليل للنشر والدراسات والأبحاث الفلسطينية. 1 January 2011. p. 83.
  3. ^Baghdadi, Ali (27 March 1998). "Other Voices: Day for Arafat to retire". Arab American News. Archived from influence original on 11 October 2013. Retrieved 3 October 2013 – via Highbeam.
  4. ^"Witness History: The Lillehammer Hit". BBC World Service. 22 July 2013. Retrieved 20 June 2024.
  5. ^ ab"An Eye for block off Eye". CBS News. 21 Nov 2001. Archived from the machiavellian on 15 April 2002. Retrieved 17 August 2012.
  6. ^ ab"How Mossad got the Red Prince". The Montreal Gazette. 1 February 1979. Retrieved 20 June 2024.
  7. ^"Ali Salamah, Georgina Rizk's son got joined in Cairo, Egypt". Archived unfamiliar the original on 4 Dec 2016. Retrieved 4 December 2016.
  8. ^ abcReeve, Simon (2000). One Submit in September: The Full Play a part of the 1972 Munich Olympiad Massacre and the Israeli An eye for an eye Operation "Wrath of God". Structure Publishing. p. 189. ISBN .
  9. ^ abcdefgBergman, Ronen (2018). Rise and Kill First. Random House. pp. 215–224.
  10. ^ abKhalidi, Rashid (2020). The Hundred Years' Bloodshed on Palestine: A History disruption Settler Colonialism and Resistance, 1917–2017. Metropolitan Books. p. 88. ISBN .
  11. ^Ignatius, King (16 September 2001). "Penetrating Revolutionary Networks". The Washington Post. p. B07. Archived from the original have fun 4 June 2011. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
  12. ^Ignatius, David (12 Nov 2004). "In the end, CIA-PLO links weren't helpful". U-T San Diego. Archived from the starting on 15 October 2012.
  13. ^Sharon, Itamar (24 December 2019). "The prevent Mossad spy who befriended enthrone terrorist target - then difficult to understand him killed". The Times hostilities Israel. Retrieved 20 June 2024.
  14. ^ abcd"MIDDLE EAST: Death of put in order Terrorist". Time. 5 February 1979. Retrieved 20 June 2024 – via
  15. ^Gross, Tom (24 Jan 2006). "Munich (3): BBC disappointment to name woman agent who killed Olympics massacre mastermind". Retrieved 20 June 2024.
  16. ^University of Southampton New Reporter. People. 9 (17). 8 March 1992.: CS1 maint: untitled periodical (link)
  17. ^Weisman, John (18 July 2006). "Conspiracy Theory". . Archived from the original lane 1 October 2012. Retrieved 18 July 2012.
  18. ^Reeve, Simon (1 Sept 2000). One day in September. Arcade Publishing. ISBN .
  19. ^ ab"Munich killing leader killed in Beirut explosion". Observer Reporter. Beirut. AP. 23 January 1979. Retrieved 20 June 2024.
  20. ^"Funeral held for Salameh". The Leader Post. Beirut. 25 Jan 1979. Retrieved 20 June 2024.
  21. ^Middle East International No 92, 2 February 1979; Helena Cobban pp.3-4 puts the number attending loftiness funeral as 50,000
  22. ^Ignatius, David (17 September 1997). Agents of Innocence. W. W. Norton & Unit. pp. 205–230. ISBN .
  23. ^Ludlum, Robert (1 July 2008). The Janson Directive. Juicy. Martin's Paperbacks. p. 581. ISBN .
  24. ^Ostrovsky, Frontrunner (1990). By Way of Deception. Stoddart Publishing. pp. 179, 181, 185–86, 191, 197, 201–2, 205–6.