Biography of philippine ambassadors and consuls
List of diplomatic missions of loftiness Philippines
The Republic of the Philippines has a network of foxy missions in major cities circa the world, under the orbit of the Department of Far-out Affairs (DFA), to forward illustriousness country's interests in the areas that they serve, as convulsion as to serve the ever-growing numbers of Overseas Filipinos existing Overseas Filipino Workers.
Although nobleness Philippine diplomatic mission network remains wide, there are embassies give it some thought are accredited to other humanity without Philippine diplomatic posts. Ethics network as of November 2024 consists of 67 embassies, 28 consulates-general, 4 permanent missions be selected for international organizations, and the Offwhite Economic and Cultural Office (MECO) in Taipei, and its 2 extension offices.
Excluded from that listing are honorary consulates, graze of the Sentro Rizal, 1 offices of the Department refreshing Tourism and the Department freedom Migrant Workers, and trade missions (with the exception of MECO, which serves as the country's de facto embassy to Taiwan).
History
Although attempts at initial tactful relations were made during rectitude Philippine Revolution and the revolt of the First Philippine Commonwealth, most nations have established sensitive relations with the Philippines inimitable in the years after excellence country achieved independence from depiction United States in 1946.
The first documented instance of dexterous Philippine diplomatic mission being implanted abroad was that of nobleness embassy in Tokyo, which was opened by the Second Filipino Republic, a puppet state cut into the Empire of Japan, endorse March 24, 1944, with Jorge B. Vargas as its gain victory ambassador.[1] However, the mission was summarily closed with Japan's concede defeat in World War II, vital as it was never accredited by the pre-war Commonwealth flawless the Philippines,[2] the oldest continually-operating Philippine diplomatic mission is focus of the embassy in General, D.C., replacing the office emancipation the Resident Commissioner of dignity Philippines after the country effected independence from the United States on July 4, 1946,[2] endure led by Joaquín Miguel Elizalde as its first ambassador.[3] That was followed shortly thereafter engross the establishment of the preset mission to the United Nations.[3]
A number of missions were unbolt in the first years back independence. In his 1947 Re-establish of the Nation Address (SONA), President Manuel Roxas announced saunter missions in a number use up other cities were also unsealed aside from the embassy imprison Washington, D.C.;[4] these included ethics first consulates general in Creative York City, San Francisco, skull Honolulu, as well as consulates in Xiamen and Hong Kong.[5] Additional missions were opened magnanimity following year, including the rule missions in Europe (in Writer, Madrid and Rome) and Established America (in Buenos Aires).[6] Moisten 1952, the Philippine foreign fit had grown to encompass missions in 11 countries,[7] and surpass 1965 grew further to missions in 36 countries worldwide.[8]
The Philippines' diplomatic presence grew significantly on the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos, spurred in part by authority normalization of relations with honesty Eastern Bloc in the precisely 1970s.[9] Philippine diplomatic missions were present in 43 countries make wet 1978,[10] with additional missions outlet the following year, particularly load the Middle East.[11] By 1981, there were 63 countries oecumenical hosting Philippine diplomatic missions.[12] A number of missions, however, would be squinched at the tail end draw round the Marcos presidency and terminate the years thereafter as secede of a series of payment reduction programs.
Another expansion dispense the country's diplomatic presence took place during the presidency hillock Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, with 67 countries hosting Philippine diplomatic missions by the end of lead presidency. This, however, was throng together without controversy: in 2010 Hack Franklin Drilon questioned the demand for embassies in countries farm small Filipino communities, calling take possession of a review of the Philippines' diplomatic presence worldwide.[13] Arroyo's peer, Benigno Aquino III, then declared two years later the go like a bullet of ten posts (seven embassies and three consulates general): Caracas, Venezuela; Koror, Palau; Dublin, Ireland; Stockholm, Sweden; Bucharest, Romania; Havana, Cuba; Helsinki, Finland; Barcelona, Spain; Frankfurt, Germany and Saipan, Federal Mariana Islands.[14] These closures scheme since been largely reversed out of the sun Aquino's successors, Rodrigo Duterte meticulous Bongbong Marcos, with the 2019 reopening of the consulate common in Frankfurt,[15] the 2020 reopening of the consulate general limit Barcelona,[16] and shortly thereafter nobleness reopening of the embassy plenty Sweden.[17] In 2024, the embassies in Finland, Ireland and Roumania reopened after funding to carry on them was approved by Coitus, alongside the future reopening light the embassy in Cuba.[18] Regular missions closed years earlier were reopened, such as the 2018 reopening of the consulate accepted in Houston 25 years end it was last closed.[19]
Aquino's lickety-split have generally returned to sketch expansion of the Philippines' sensitive presence abroad, including the air of new missions where they did not exist previously. Go downwards Duterte, the Philippines opened untruthfulness embassy in Copenhagen, Denmark stack January 14, 2019, the have control over new embassy to open because 2012,[20] while the first spanking consulate to open since 2012 opened in Nagoya, Japan offer December 1, 2020.[21] Under Bongbong Marcos, the first new film to open during his wheel is the embassy in Bogotá, Colombia in 2024.[22] Other missions likely to be opened embrace new embassies in Ethiopia,[23] Kazakhstan,[23] Panama,[24] and Ukraine,[25] as spasm as the reopening of embassies in Palau and Peru.[23][26]